The determination of lead content in new cerium iron boron material has been studied and a new method of determination of lead content in cerium iron boron by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has been developed. The selection of analytical spectrum lines was studied. Cerium and iron were used as matrix to prepare the standard solutions, and the content of lead in cerium iron boron was determined by matrix matching method. Finally, the reliability of the method was verified by calculation of detection limit, standard recovery test, parallel test and repeatability test. The test results showed that the detection limit of the method was 0.007 mg/L, the recovery rate was 100.6%, and the content of lead in the sample was 0.006%. The parallelism between the two tests was good, and the repeatability was lower than 2.3%. This method is feasible in laboratory, and can provide a basis for the analysis of lead content impurity in the production of new cerium iron boron, as well as a reference for the detection of heavy metal pollution.