The establishment of an independent Pb-Zn mineralization system related to magmatism: A case study of the Narusongduo Pb-Zn deposit in Tibet
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    Abstract:

    In the compressive environment, intrusion-related Pb-Zn mineralization includes porphyry, crytoexplosive breccia, skarn, manto, and vein types. However, examples of all of them occurring in the same mineralization system are less known. Narusongduo is a superlarge Pb-Zn deposit in the Gangdise metallogenic belt, Tibet. Except porphyry type, all Pb-Zn mineralization types mentioned above have been found in this deposit, which makes this deposit an excellent case to study the scientific question mentioned above. In this study, the authors present a preliminary description about the four Pb-Zn mineralization types and oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotopic analyses, and establish a descriptive and genetic model that involves all the mineralization types in an independent Pb-Zn mineralization system related to magmatism. The Pb-Zn mineralization in the Narusongduo deposit has close relationship with the quartz syenite porphyry. Four Pb-Zn mineralization types have been found, i.e., crytoexplosive breccia type formed in the tuff strata of the Dianzhong Formation in Paleocene, skarn type formed in the contact between limestone of the Xiala Formation in Permian and quartz syenite porphyry, manto type formed in the contact between sandstone and slate in the Angjie Formation in Permian and tuff in the Dianzhong Formation, and vein type formed in pre-existing fractures in tuff and sandstone-slate strata. Epidotization, chloritization, silicification, sericitization and carbonation are main alteration types for the four mineralization types, galena and sphalerite are ore minerals, and pyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz, sericite and calcite are main gangue minerals. In accordance with the order of cyrtoexplosive type, skarn type, manto type and vein type, the host rock alteration becomes weaker, the epidote, chlorite, quartz, sericite and chalcopyrite decrease and eventually disappear, and the carbonate increases. These characteristics indicate a cooling evolution in a unified mineralization system. As for the fluids of crytoexplosive breccia type and skarn type Pb-Zn mineralization, the δDV-SMOW values have large ranges (-177‰~-118‰ and -164‰~-139‰, respectively) and the δ18OV-SMOW values have narrow ranges (-2.76‰~3.29‰ and -5.46‰~-4.58‰, respectively). These data suggest that the ore fluids were derived from magmatic hydrothermal fluid which had undergone degasification in an open system and was mixed with meteoric water. The δ34S values vary in a narrow range and become larger in order of cyrtoexplosive type (4.15‰), skarn type (7.92‰), manto type (8.49‰) and vein type (8.80‰), which indicates that the sulfur came from magmatic hydrothermal fluid which had undergone H2S degasification in an open system, and the degasification degree became stronger and stronger. The chemical geology of the quartz syenite porphyry is similar to that of porphyry hosting the Lengshuikeng porphyry Pb-Zn deposit, so the authors infer that some porphyry-type Pb-Zn mineralization might have also occurred in the depth of the Narusongduo porphyry. On such a basis, an independent Pb-Zn mineralization system, which includes all the Pb-Zn mineralization types related to magmatism occurring in compressed environment, has been built. The model can be described as follows: With the subduction and revolution of the Neo Tethys oceanic crust, the mantle wedge and the overlying crust became melted, forming the Narusongduo porphyry magma with unique chemical geology. With the magma ascending, H2O and H2S became degassing, the fluid became exsolved, oxidized magmatic fluid with oxidized S and metals was concentrated in the center of the magma, and reduced magmatic fluid with reduced S and metal was concentrated on the top of the magma. With further ascending, the temperature of the magma decreased, the magma crystallized, SO2 became hydrolytic, and the porphyry Pb-Zn mineralization occurred. When the magma ascended into the tuff strata, the compact rocks caused the pressure of the hydrothermal fluid to be higher than the rocks, which led to the crytoexplosion of the tuff, and the crytoexplosive type Pb-Zn mineralization occurred. At the same time, with the stronger H2S degasification, magmatic fluid rich in metal and sulfur also moved to the host rocks far away from the magma, and then skarn-type, manto-type and vein-type Pb-Zn mineralization occurred in different locations with different lithologies and structures.

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刘英超,纪现华,侯增谦,田世洪,李振清,赵晓燕,周金胜,马旺,杨竹森,2015,一个与岩浆作用有关的独立铅锌成矿系统的建立——以西藏纳如松多铅锌矿床为例[J].岩石矿物学杂志,34(4):539~556. LIU Ying-chao, JI Xian-hua, HOU Zeng-qian, TIAN Shi-hong, LI Zhen-qing, ZHAO Xiao-yan, ZHOU Jin-sheng, MA Wang, YANG Zhu-sen,2015,The establishment of an independent Pb-Zn mineralization system related to magmatism: A case study of the Narusongduo Pb-Zn deposit in Tibet[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,34(4):539~556.

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History
  • Received:June 10,2014
  • Revised:January 16,2015
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  • Online: July 22,2015
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