Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the authors studied mineralogical characteristics of chrysotile asbestos tailings from the Aksay ore district and the preparation of high purity silicon as well as magnesium compounds. The results show that the chemical compositions of the asbestos from three mines are SiO₂ 37.01%～39.35%,MgO 37.00%～38.92% and TFe₂O₃ 6.02%～8.37%, the ignition loss is 12.29%～13.56%, and the main mineral composition of chrysotile asbestos tailings is serpentine, together with small amounts of talc, magnetite, brucite and magnesite. Magnesium sulfate was obtained by acid leaching of chrysotile asbestos tailings, and magnesium hydroxide powders in "house of cards" form, "flake" basic magnesium carbonate sample powders and magnesium oxide powders in "house of cards" form were prepared. The acid slag alkali leaching reaction produced sodium metasilicate, and then salt leaching reaction synthesized white carbon black sample. These results have an important theoretical significance and practical significance for resource utilization and environmental protection of chrysotile asbestos tailings from the Aksay ore district.