Diagenesis of Jiangling depression is controlled by sedimentary water and characterized by rich carbonate cementation in fresh to semi-salt water and rich anhydrite in salt water. The abundances of the two cements show a mutual growth and decline relationship. The salt environment is controlled by the deep brine and paleoclimate. The differences of the diagenetic model between the fresh water-semisalt environment and the salt environment lead to the differences between the two environments in the mechanism of resistance to compaction and the distribution of high-porosity zones. Early carbonate cement dissolution in the fresh water-semisalt environment forms high-porosity zones, while the development zone of gypsum and anhydrite is beneficial to forming a mothballed box of overpressure at depth, thus preserving original pores and leading to the development of highporosity zones.