The Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian basic lava in Tianshan and its adjacent areas consists of two magma series, namely, tholeiitic and alkaline basaltic magma series. The tholeiitic magma series is the major component part of the early volcanic rocks (Early Nanhua Beiyixi Formation and Early Sinian Zamoketi Formation), the alkaline basaltic magma series is the main component part of the late volcanic rocks (Early Sinian Sugaitibulake Formation, Neosinian Suiquan Formation and Early Cambrian Xishanbulake Formation). REE, trace elements and Nd, Sr isotopic compositions reveal that the volcanic rocks were formed in a continental-rift environment, and their source resembled an asthenospheric mantle of ocean-island basalt and was contaminated by geosphere during the upward migration and eruption of the magma.