The Late Devonian volcanic rocks of Akenawa Hills in northern Xinjiang, as a suite of intermediate and basic rocks, are characterized by high total alkali content which ranges from 3.55 to 7.55%. On the basis of their petrology, mineralogy, petrochemistry and REE as well as trace element geochemistry, it is believed that these volcanic rocks are of alkaline basaltic series dominated by rocks of alkaline basalt group with a small part belonging to shoshonite group, exhibiting a Kenedy trend of differentiation in alkaline basalts. The volcanic rocks might be products of partial melting of the mantle;nevertheless, fractionation and crystallization of olivine might have occurred in magma during the upward migration of magma through the crust. The tectonic environment of the volcanic rocks was probably an island arc or a volcanic arc along the active continental margin underlain by continental crust basement instead of a midoceanic ridge. The formation of an island arc or a volcanicarc in the active continental margin seems to have been related to Late Devonian northeastward subduction of the secondary coeanic crust formed during Early and Middle Devonian when the studied area was in extention and nowrepresented by Aermantai-Zhaheba Ophiolitic melange zone.