Abstract:Several kinds of lead, zinc, silver and copper polymetallic mineralization have been discovered in the Xiangshan uranium orefield during the deep exploration. In this paper, the authors used ICP-MS to determine the content of trace elements of pyrite in the polymetallic mineralization. The results show that the pyrites are rich in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb and Bi. The LREE/HREE, (La/Yb)_N, Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta characteristics of pyrites were compared with those of the magmatic rocks and metamorphic basement, and the results show that the ore-forming fluid of polymetallic mineralization was strongly mixed with metamorphic basement materials during upward movement. The LREE enrichment and the low Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La ratios (less than 1) indicate that the ore-forming fluid of polymetallic mineralization was not rich in F and was significantly different from the ore-forming fluid of uranium. The Co content and Co/Ni ratios show that the polymetallic mineralization occurred in a medium-low temperature environment and the ore-forming materials were mainly from metamorphic basement.

Abstract:The Fuping Group, which has undergone amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism, is the most widely distributed Archean strata in Fuping area of the Central North China Craton. The age of the Group is vital for probing the evolutionary history of the Fuping Complex. In this paper, LA-MC-ICP-MS (laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope of leptite in the Yuanfang Formation of the Fuping Group. The authors obtained two metamorphic zircon ages of 2 531±15 Ma and 1 943±16 Ma, respectively. Based on the internal structure of zircons and U-Pb ages, the authors chose the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2 549±4 Ma from the 2 549 Ma to 2 500 Ma detrital zircon domains as the maximal depositional age and confirmed the Yuanfang Formation between 2 550 Ma and 2 530 Ma. The zircon Lu-Hf isotopic analyses demonstrate that ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf are 0.000 289~0.004 262 and 0.281 255~0.281 791, respectively with ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf_i and εHf(t) range being 0.281 230～0.281 623 and -5.86～13.62. The single-stage and two-stage model ages are in the range of 2 748~2 242 Ma and 2 810~2 272 Ma, respectively. On such a basis, the authors infer that the source of the Yuanfang Formation was mainly from Neoarchean TTG gneisses in the Fuping Compex, and the intensive crustal growth in the Complex was concentrated from 2.8 Ga to 2.6 Ga. In addition, the authors infer that metarmorphic ages of 2.5 Ga and 1.95 Ga may represent metamorphic events related to the initial and finial cratonization of the North China Craton.

Abstract:The coal-associated mud shale is widely developed in the east of the Qinshui Basin and has great potential for shale gas resources. Research on the pore structure characteristics of mud shale in this area is of great significance for the evaluation of shale gas-bearing properties and the realization of joint exploration and co-production of coalbed methane and shale gas. In this paper, the mud shale of the Permian Shanxi Formation from Well Y in the Wuxiang block of the basin was taken as the research object. The pore structure characteristics and fractal characteristics of the mud shale were studied by means of XRD, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption. The results show that the mineral composition of the mud shale of the Shanxi Formation in the Y-well is dominated by clay minerals and quartz. There are a large number of pores smaller than 50 nm, and the pore structure is mainly composed of crack pores and "thin bottleneck" pores. The mud shale adsorption curve is of inverted S-type, suggesting type Ⅱ curve of Brunauer classification scheme. The desorption line belongs to the H2 type (both H1 type and H3 type) in the IUPAC classification scheme, and belongs to the B type (both E type and C type) in the De Boer classification scheme. The fractal dimension of mud shale in Shanxi Formation of Well Y is close to 3, and the heterogeneity is strong. Mineral composition, total pore volume, average pore size and TOC content are important factors affecting the fractal dimension of mud shale.

Abstract:In this study, the mineralization of calcium carbonate in the mixed system with amino acid, polysaccharide and organic acid was comparatively studied, and CaCO₃ crystals were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the deposition of CaCO₃ was promoted by A-M, and the calcification rate was increased by 36% compared with the control group. The deposition of CaCO₃ was inhibited by organic acids, and the calcification rate of M-O, A-O and A-O-M decreased by 33%, 29%, and 17%, respectively. In the A-M, the main crystal composition of CaCO₃ was calcite, which also contained a small amount of vaterite. However, there was only calcite in M-O, A-O, A-O-M under the regulation of citric acid. The particle size of blocky calcite was 10 μm in A-M, and the vaterite was like a hollow circle with a particle size of 5 μm. Rod-shaped calcite with particle size of 5～15 μm and 3～5 μm was synthesized in A-O and M-O. A-O-M contained the most abundant organic matter, so that the nucleation rate was higher than the growth rate; the particle size of granular crystal was only 1～3 μm, and most crystals were incompletely developed. The research revealed the phenomenon of biomineralization in multi-component coexisting systems and emphasized the leading role of citric acid in regulating crystal nucleation and growth. The results obtained by the authors provide a reference for exploring the biomineralization mechanism in the subnival environment of Huanglong.

Abstract:The kaolinite and montmorillonite were activated and modified by hydrochloric acid. Then a pillared montmorillonite was prepared by acided montmorillonite and hydroxyl aluminum.The structure of mineral sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction. By using Hammett indicator method and butylamine-cyclohexane solution the authors measured the surface acidity of clay with H₀ value in the range of +4.8~-5.6, and obtained the distribution curves of acid strength by fitting. The authors studied the catalytic performance of clay solid acid by pyrolysis of cumene converted into a model reaction. The result shows that cumene conversion has been improved through being catalyzed by acid-actived clay solid acid, but the catalytic stability is reduced. The modification of montmorillonite by hydroxyaluminum pillars not only greatly increases the conversion of cumene but also improves the catalytic stability.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of four natural chrysotile asbestos in major mining areas of China on lung injury and the expression of HO-1 and HSP-70 in lung tissues of Wistar rats, the authors collected samples of four natural chrysotile asbestos from the four mining areas of China. The fiber morphology, surface active group and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence diffraction. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (Akesai of Gansu, Mangnai of Qinghai, Xinkang of Sichuan, chrysotile groups and physiological sodium chloride solution negative control group of southern Shaanxi), with the chrysotile groups treated with intratracheal instillation. Six rats were put to death in batches 1 month, 6 months and 12 months later respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and total protein (TP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The expression levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) mRNA in lung tissues were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of HO-1 and HSP-70 protein were detected by western blot. The results showed that the LDH of Gansu Akesai, Qinghai Mangnai and Sichuan Xinkang chrysotile groups and the AKP and TP in each chrysotile group were higher than those in the negative control group at each time point (P<0.05), and increased with the prolonged exposure time (P<0.05). As for HO-1, HSP-70 mRNA and HO-1, HSP-70 protein expression levels, it is shown that, 1 month later, the values of each exposure group was higher than those in the negative control group (P<0.05); 6 months later, values of each exposure group was higher than those in the negative control group, and values of Gansu Akesai and southern Shaanxi chrysotile groups were lower than those in the Qinghai Mangnai and Sichuan Xinkang chrysotile groups (P<0.05); 12 months later, values of Gansu Akesai and Southern Shaanxi chrysotile groups were higher than those in the Qinghai Mangnai and Sichuan Xinkang chrysotile groups, whereas values of Qinghai Mangnai and Sichuan Xinkang chrysotile groups were lower than those in the negative control group (P<0.05).

Abstract:White nephrites of different origins are quite similar to each other in main mineral composition and structure, but their values vary greatly. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology can not only provide information on chemical composition of substances but also provide spectral fingerprint information related to structure and conformation for substances identification. In this study, THz-TDS was used to test the white nephrite from four producing areas, i.e., Xinjiang, South Korea, Qinghai and Russia, whose refractive indexes and absorption coefficients in the frequency domain of 0.2～2.5 THz were obtained after fast Fourier transform (FFT) and calculation followed by Savitzky-Golay (S-G) smoothing. The results showed that the refractive indexes of the white nephrites from Xinjiang, South Korea, Qinghai, Russian were different. There was a small characteristic absorption at about 2.0 THz existing in the terahertz characteristics absorption spectra of white nephrites from Xinjiang, Qinghai, while a broad absorption envelope in 1.5～2.0 THz b, was detected for the white nephrites from Korea, Russia. These results provide basic data for further development of the origin identification method of white nephrites based on terahertz time domain spectroscopy.

Abstract:The combination of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) and laser ablation provides a useful tool for tracing the geological process by analyzing minerals under microscales. As one of the non-traditional stable isotopes, boron isotope has attracted more and more attention. In this study, the authors developed an in-situ method for high-precision analysis of B isotope in tourmaline with high-content boron and muscovite with low-content boron. Tourmaline and glass reference materials were applied to correcting the mass fractionation respectively, and in-situ B isotopes of two natural samples from southwestern Tianshan were also tested. In addition, the boron isotope of the in-house standard T-PKU was calibrated as -13.07‰±0.42‰ (2SD, n=66). The above testing results reveal that the condition of LA-MC-ICPMS is stable for a long term and suitable to producing high quality data about tourmaline with minimum spot size of 10 μm and muscovite with > 20×10^-6 B concentration. The B isotopes of tourmaline and paragonite in Tianshan samples are helpful for tracing fluids sources.

Abstract:Based on a systematic collection of 121 new minerals approved by the Commission on New Minerals,Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association(IMA) in 2016, the paper lists main mineralogical characteristics of thesenew minerals, including mineral name, crystallochemicalformula,crystal structuredata,physical and optical property, locality of origin and occurrence, relationship with other minerals,source of mineral names and chemical reaction etc. It is worth that Chinese names of these new minerals have been examined and revised under the authority of Chinese Commission of New Minerals and Mineral Names. The paper is a part of the comprehensive introduction to discovery and research of new minerals in the world,which will provide reference for the discovery of new minerals and related research work in China and promote the standardization of Chinese names of mineral species.