Abstract:Located in the southern margin of Tuha basin within the East Tianshan Mountains, Dananhu arc is famous for hosting Tuwu porphyry Cu deposits. It is important for us to deepen our understanding of the genesis of porphyry deposits and the tectonic evolution in the whole East Tianshan area. Based on detailed geological mapping, the authors recognized four lithostratigraphic associations in the Carboniferous Dananhu arc belt within the East Tianshan Mountains, i.e., the Lower Carboniferous Xiaorequanzi Formation consisting mainly of volcanic rocks, the Upper Carboniferous Dikan'er Formation composed of clastic rocks intercalated with carbonate, the Upper Carboniferous Qi'eshan Formation comprising volcanic rocks, and the Upper Carboniferous Qishan Formation of clastic and carbonate rocks. Their rock associations, geochemistry, fossils and spatial relationship together with previously published geochronological data suggest that the previously-thought Dananhu arc is actually made of arc volcanic rocks, back-arc basin sediments and remnant oceanic basin sediments, which are associated with the above-mentioned four units respectively. Thus, the tectonic and evolution framework has been established in association with regional studies. There existed at least two ocean-continent transformation stages (i.e., Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous) in the East Tianshan Mountains in Late Paleozoic. The marine deposit of Early Carboniferous Xiaorequanzi volcanic rocks was formed by ocean-ocean subduction in the Kangur Ocean far away from the Devonian active continental margin. The collision between marine volcanic rocks and the Tarim active continental margin (central Tianshan block) formed the Late Carboniferous remnant oceanic basin together with the subduction polarity reversal. The northern ocean basin began the S-dipping subduction towards the Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks and formed the Late Carboniferous Qi'eshan volcanic arc and Qishan back-arc basin. The final collision suture is Dacaotan fault between Tarim plate and Dananhu arc. The Carboniferous lithologic associations of Dananhu arc indicate that the East Tianshan Mountains may represent a complex archipelago-ocean basin, and this orogeny involved fore-arc accretion and back-arc basin closure during the whole orogenic process. Juxtaposition of different tectonic units implies that the East Tianshan Mountains orogeny was probably a multiple accretionary orogenic process.

Abstract:The Manziying granite is located in Erlangping area, northern Xixia County, western Henan Province. This paper has studied petrographical, geochemical and zircon U-Pb chronolgical characteristics of this granite as well as its petrogenesis and geological significance. The Manziying granite mainly consists of quartz (40%～50%), orthoclase (25%～30%), plagioclase (15%～20%) with minor accessory minerals of zircon, apatite and magnetite. Geochemical analyses show that the Manziying granite has high content of SiO2 (75.01%～77.44%), Al2O3(12.15%～13.35%), K2O (3.81%～5.06%) and total alkali (K2O+Na2O=6.81%～9.34%), but relatively low MgO (0.10%～0.35%) and CaO (0.18%～0.85%). The ratios of K2O/Na2O are generally higher than 1. The Rittmann indexes are between 1.81 and 2.39, belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The values of A/CNK vary from 0.99 to 1.16 with an average of 1.10, showing characteristics of peraluminous S-type granites. Trace element analyses show that the Manziying granite has relatively high REE content of 121.9×10-6～289.5×10-6, and displays right-inclined V-shape REE patterns with relatively high fractionations of LREE and HREE ［(La/Yb)N=4.63～32.27)］ and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.38～0.63) in the chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, suggesting a typical crust-derived granite. The concentration of Nb (6.6×10-6～11.5×10-6) and Ta (0.5×10-6～1.2×10-6) and the ratios of Nb/Ta (7.2～10.0) in the Manziying granite are very similar to those of crustal rocks and the typical continent-continent syn-collisional granite, also suggesting that the Manziying granite was derived from the melt of crustal rocks. The Manziying granite is rich in LILEs of K, Rb, Th and Ba, poor in HFSEs of Nb and Ta. The distinct depletion of Nb and Ta together with the depletion of Ba and enrichment of Ce relative to their neighbor elements in the ocean ridge granite-normalized trace element diagram indicate that the Manziying granite has features of both island arc and syn-collisional granite. In addition, almost all samples fall into the syn-collisional granite and island arc granite field in the trace elements diagrams of Nb-Y and Rb-Y+Nb. The cathodoluminescence (CL) investigations have revealed that zircons from the Manziying granite are generally colorless, transparent, short prismatic euhedral crystals (from 50 μm to 200 μm in length and from 50 μm to 150 μm in width) with oscillatory internal zoning. LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb analyses show that these zircons have comparatively high content of Th (110×10-6～1859×10-6) and U (247×10-6～1851×10-6), with Th/U ratios ranging from 0.51 to 1.24 (except for one sample, whose value is 0.14), indicating their magmatic origin. 22 spots of 18 zircon grains yield 206Pb/238U ages varying from 429 Ma to 464 Ma. All data are spread along the concordant line or in adjacent areas, in which 16 spots are concentrated in a small area, and yield a 206Pb/238U weighted average age of (459.5±0.9) Ma, implying the magmatic crystallization age.The Manziying granite has a close relationship in space with Erlangping basic volcanic rocks, which are considered to have been formed in the island arc and back arc-basin and related to the subduction of oceanic-slab. Recently, SHRIMP zircon dating gave the formation age of 466 Ma for the basic volcanic rocks, which is almost the same as the formation age of the Manziying granite reported in this paper. Considering the coherence in space and time and the similarity of geochemical features between these two kinds of rocks, conclude that the formation of the Manziying granite had close relationship with the Erlangping island arc volcanic rocks, and probably resulted from the partial melting of crustal rocks in the active continental margin caused by the plate subduction.

Abstract:The Luoguhe area along the southern part of the Heilong River is located in northwestern Mohe County, Heilongjiang Province. Many copper, lead, zinc, tungsten-molybdenum ore bodies and Early Paleozoic granites were found in recent years. Moreover, the Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites (TLTG) that had never been reported before were also discovered. On the basis of petrological and petrogeochemical characteristics of the Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites, this paper studied the probable provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks.The Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites are cropped out in the western part of the upper Heilongjiang basin within Ergun block. The basement rocks of this basin are composed mainly of Paleoproterozoic Xinghuadukou Rock Group，Early Cambrian Ergun Formation and Early Paleozoic granites, and the cap rocks consist of Early-Middle Jurassic sedimentary formation and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks. Tectonically, the study area is predominated by faults, with well-developed thrust-nappes and ductile shear belts. The Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites should be assigned compositionally to monzonitic granite, which comprises perthite (30%～40%), plagioclase (20%～28%), quartz (30%～40%) and biotite (1%～3%) with minor accessory tourmaline (2%～5%), zircon and apatite. Due to fragmentation and mylonitization, most of the studied rocks display porphycroclastic texture. The accessory mineral tourmaline which occurs both in the porphycroclast and in the matrix displays bamboo joint texture in the former case and allotriomorphic granular texture in the latter case. The analyses of samples show that the studied rocks should be classified as adamellite in the Q-ANOR diagram, belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites have the following characteristics: SiO2=65.08%～73.18%, K2O+Na2O=5.49%～7.22%, K2O>Na2O, Al2O3=14.42%～16.64%, and A/CNK=1.18～1.31 (>1.1). Moreover, corundum canbe found in the CIPW norm minerals, possessing some features of strongly peraluminous granites. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the tourmaline-bearing granites are characterized by ∑REE 97.4×10-6～250.9×10-6, (La/Yb)N 5.85～21.95 (12.2 on average) and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.37～0.59), consistent well with REE patterns of basement metasandstone in the study area. Primitive mantle-normalized element concentration patterns show remarkable negative anomalies of Ba, Sr, Ta, Nb, Ti, P and positive anomalies of Rb,Th ,U, La, Ce, Nd, Zr, Hf, Sm. Likewise, the patterns with some characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks are very similar to the patterns of basement metasandstone in the study area.According to the experiment on the provenance of strong peraluminous granites, it is most probable that the studied rocks (5 samples) whose CaO/Na2O ratios are equal to 0.41～4.68 (>0.3 on average) can be genetically attributed to partial melting of basement metasandstone in the upper Heilongjiang basin, because the two different kinds of rocks have similar normalized patterns.In the R1-R2 and Rb-Yb+Ta discrimination diagrams, most of the studied rocks fall in the syn-collisional field and can thus be regarded as syn-collisional granites.Combined with zircon U-Pb dating (485±6 Ma) of the Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites, zircon SHRIMP dating (504～517 Ma) of the Luoguhe pluton, zircon crystallization age (480～494 Ma) and corresponding xenolith zircon ages (517～531 Ma) of Tahe pluton, it is thought that there existed two stages of granitic magmatic events in the Ergun block in Early Paleozoic, being 504～531 Ma and 480～494 Ma in age respectively. Accordingly, the first magmatic event occurred in the late stage of collision between the Ergun block and the Siberia block, and the second magmatic event might have led to the formation of Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites in response to the southeastward movement of Xing'an block towards the Ergun block, which had been collaged with the Siberia block. Due to subsequent compression, the crust was thickened and resulted in the remelting of metasandstone and the formation of the Luoguhe tourmaline-bearing granites with some features of strongly peraluminous syn-collisional S type granite.

Abstract:Located in the transitional zone between the Yangtze craton and the South China fold system, Congjiang area lies in southwest Jiangnan orogenic belt. The main strata are Wentong Formation of Mesoproterozoic Sibo Group and Jialu Formation (Qbj), Wuye Formation (Qbw), Fanzhao Formation (Qbf) and Gongdong Formation (Qbg) of Qingbaikou System in Neoproterozoic Xiajiang Group. These strata are composed of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, mainly sericite slate and sandy slate. Magmatic rocks and tectonics are well developed in this area. There are ultrabasic rocks, basic rocks and acid intrusive rocks, with the Motianling granite being the largest intrusive body. There exist three groups of faults, trending respectively NS, NWW and NNE, with the Zaibian fault being a discordogenic fault. Haylotourmalite was found by geological mapping in the east of the Daping polymetallic ore district in southeast Guizhou Province. Analyses by means of determinative mineralogy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) show that haylotourmalite is black to dark gray in color and has ribbon structure, with an alternate arrangement of dark and light colored stripes that shows a rhythmic varia-tion.The haylotourmalite is composed of tourmaline (40%～60%), quartz (35%～55%), and minor amounts of chlorite, rare-earth minerals and zircon. FeO/ (FeO+MgO) (Fe#) and MgO/(FeO+MgO) (Mg#) ratios of the tourmaline are from 0.64 to 0.67 and from 0.33 to 0.36, respectively, implying that the tourmaline belongs to the aphrizite-dravite solid-solution series. The hyalotourmalite has low ΣREE values (21.43 μg/g～26.82 μg/g) and is enriched with LREE and depleted in MREE, with (La/Yb)N ratios from 2.55 to 4.76 and (La/Sm)N and (Gd/Yb)N ratios from 5.84 to 6.17 and from 0.69 to 0.98 respectively, implying that the differentiation of the light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements is not very obvious; however, the differentiation of the light rare earth elements is stronger than that of the heavy rare earth elements. The haylotourmalite samples show indistinct Eu and Ce anomalies. The hyalotourmalite is also enriched with metallogenic elements such as W, Sn, Zn, As, Bi and B, which indicates a great potential in search for ore deposits of these elements. The discovery of hyalotourmalite has a great significance for the exploration of massive sulfide deposits.

Abstract:Petrogenesis of Laochang granite-porphyry is discussed in this paper based on evaluating and counting zircon crystal forms. In this study, Pupin's method for zircon typomorphic research was employed．The result shows that the growth of zircon cone was controlled by the ratio of aluminum-alkali to silicon-aluminum, whereas the crystallization temperature was the dominant factor controlling the growth of zircon cylinder. If the zircon was formed in an aluminum or low-alkali environment, {211} cone is more developed than {101} cone, and sometimes only {211} cone is developed, with no {101}cone. Where the zircon was produced in an alkali or low aluminum environment, {101} cone is more developed than {211} cone, and the zircon in alkali granite only develops {101} cone and does not have {211} cone. T. E. T has a long evolutionary line when magmatic crystallization was slow and the time-domain of zircon crystallization was long. On the contrary, if the magma rapidly crystallized or the zircon was quickly crystallized from the magma, the T. E. T line is relatively short, the zircon crystal form is relatively unitary and does not show remarkable variation. Statistics show that zircon crystals in Laochang granite-porphyry assume mainly short or long cylindrical, tetragonal bipyramidal and ditetragonal dipyramidal forms and subordinately sharpened pencil-like or equigranular forms, pale yellow or colorless in color. The crystal size varies in the range of 42 μm×35.5 μm～302 μm×115 μm, and the ratio of length to width is mainly between 2∶1 and 3.5∶1 and subordinately between 1.5∶1 and 4∶1. Crystal inclusions are rarely seen, and cracks are not developed. Twenty zircon crystal forms were identified in the Laochang granite-porphyry, and G1, L4, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S12, S13, S14 crystal forms are relatively numerous. The zircon crystals are composed of cylinder{110}, {100} and cone {101}, {211}. With {100} cylinder and {101} and {211}cone being very well developed, and {101} more developed than {211}. T．E．T line is short and is mainly distributed at the top right corner of the evolution trend map. The zircon typomorphic characteristics suggest that the zircon in Laochang granite-porphyry was formed in a low-temperature and peraalkaline environment characterized by rapid crystallization, with the crystallization temperature ranging between 750℃ and 600℃. A comprehensive analysis of chemical composition, chronology and zircon typomorphic features of Laochang granite-porphyry shows that the Laochang concealed granite-porphyry was formed mainly by crust source petrogenesis with the addition of mantle source composition, and the rich alkali, rich water and rich ore-forming materials in this granite-porphyry constituted a favorable ore-forming magma system.

Abstract:South China is the largest and the most specific tungsten metallogenic belt in the world, Jurassic is the main ore-forming period of tungsten ore deposits in South China, and Cretaceous is the main mineralization period of tin ore deposits in China. Nevertheless, the Nanyangtian skarn-type scheelite deposit in Yunnan Province is closely linked with the Cretaceous granites in space and time and is the only skarn-type tungsten deposit discovered in Cretaceous strata. The ore-bearing rock series of the Nanyangtian skarn-type tungsten deposit comprise alternating layers composed of skarns, gneiss, granulite, schist and some other rocks, in which skarn layers are the main ore-hosting rocks and skarn scheelite is the main ore type. This paper deals with micro temperature measurement and Laser Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in the Nanyangtian tungsten deposit, aimed at discriminating ore-forming fluid properties of this deposit and clarifying its ore-forming material source and metallogenic mechanism based on petrographic characteristics for the further study of the Nanyangtian skarn-type tungsten deposit. There are three dominant types of fluid inclusions related to metallogensis, as evidenced by petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions of quartz and garnet in the Nanyangtian skarn-type tungsten deposit; they are liquid-rich inclusions, gas-rich two-phase inclusions and daughter minerals-bearing polyphase inclusions. The homogenization temperatures and salinity of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 232℃ to 337℃ and from 0.53% to 9.98 wt% NaCleqv respectively, and those of the inclusions in garnet vary from 228℃ to 306℃ and from 6.45% to 14.04 wt% NaCleqv respectively. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the gas composition of ore-forming fluids in Nanyangtian scheelite is mainly H2O, with a small amount of CO2, CH4, H2S, N2 and some other gases, whereas liquid composition is mainly H2O, thus suggesting a NaCl-H2O fluid system. The density of the fluids is 0.72～0.87 g/cm3. These features demonstrate that the fluids in this tungsten deposit are of medium temperature, low salinity and low density. The pressure of the fluid is 18～32 MPa, the depth of the fluid is 0.6～1.2 km, the δD values range from -72.16‰ to -65.10‰, the δ18O water values vary from 7.98‰ to 8.45‰, and the δ34S value of sulfides in the tungsten deposit is 6.6‰. These data imply that ore-forming fluids were derived from the magmatic hydrothermal process in late Yanshanian period, and magmatism caused the remobilization and enrichment of ore-forming elements to form the Nanyangtian skarn-type tungsten deposit.

Abstract:Kaolinite is an important kind of ceramic and chemical raw material, with its name derived from the Gaoling Mountain of Jingdezhen area in Jiangxi Province. The physical and chemical properties of kaolinite can be affected by the changes of the stacking structure and crystal defects between its unit layers. These variations in structure can be sensitively reflected in Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and the high frequency range of IR, in particular, can be effectively used to analyze the OH stretching vibration in kaolinite. The sample studied was collected from the Gaoling deposit in the middle of Ehugranite, east of Jingdezhen. The residual kaolin was derived from the hydrolysis and weathering of granite and pegmatite in a hot and humid environment.The structural characteristics of kaolinite from the Gaoling deposit were studied by means of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and infrared (IR) spectroscopy analysis. According to the Stockes' Law, the authors concentrated the frictions of kaolin in <4 μm, and mixed 200 mg of them with 16 mL and 8 mL hydrofluoric acid (12 mol/L) for 5 minutes, respectively. The residual clay JDZ-8HF-1 and JDZ-8HF-2 were studied by IR.In view of the very weak bands ν2 and ν3 of the IR spectrum in the high frequency range of the untreated sample JDZ-8HF(<4 μm), the authors hold that kaolinite from this area is in the range of disorder. This disorder is mainly caused by the decreasing of the angle between c* axis and O—H axis within the kaolinite crystal and the increasing of the interlayer cohesive energy. Based on analyzing the characteristics of four bands in the high frequency range, the authors also consider that the structure of kaolinite has a dickite_like displacement of BCBCBC octahedral vacancy. From the low IR frequency range of JDZ-8HF (<4 μm), the characteristic peaks of kao- linite and quartz could be identified, but other phases within the sample could not be found. After 16 mL (12 mol/L) HF treatment, the IR spectrum of JDZ-8HF-1 displays a typical illite IR. From the intensity and pattern of 830 and 744 cm-1 bands, this illite can be determined as the 1Md polytype and possesses disorder structure. The authors failed to find any band related to kaolinite from the IR spectrum of JDZ-8HF-1, and the 3 weak bands 797, 779 and 372 cm-1 suggest that there exists a very small amount of quartz. The JDZ-8HF-1 IR spectrum suggests that 16 mL HF coulddissolve some quartz and all kaolinite within kaolin from Jingdezhen area. The IR spectrum of JDZ-8HF-2, which was treated by 8 mL HF (12 mol/L), also shows the characteristic bands of 1Md illite and possesses more feature peaks related to quartz than JDZ-8HF-1. This means that less quartz within kaolin was dissolved by 8 mL HF.Based on a comparison between the IR spectra before and after the treatment with hydrofluoric acid, it is concluded that the kaolin from the Gaoling Mountain does not contain the polytypes of dickite and nacrite. The IR experiment results suggest that IR spectra may be insensitive to minor illite mixed in kaolinite. Through HF treatment, however, illite can be identified effectively. A new method is proposed in this paper for identifying the kaolinite-illite mixture.

Abstract:Based on field section measurement, well core observation and thin section identification in combination with n(Mg)/n(Ca) ratio, the degree of order and C, O, Sr isotope characteristics of dolomites with different textures and genetic types, the authors made a synthetic study of the diagenesis, porosity development and evolution regularity of carbonate reservoirs of Changxing Formation in Kaijiang-Liangping area. The destructive diagenetic processes in the reservoirs of the study area are mainly cementation, compaction_pressure solution, neomorphism and secondary mineral filling, whereas the constructive diagenetic processes are mainly burial dolomitization, recrystallization, dissolution and fracturing, which effectively improve the reservoir porosity and permeability and constitute the basic characteristics of the reef and beach reservoir that has the combination of a variety of secondary porosity types such as intergranular pores, intragranular pores, moldic pores, intercrystal pores, superlarge dissolved pores, dissolved caverns and fractures. Dolomitization, as the most important and common diagenetic action, went through penecontemporaneous dolomitization in early diagenetic stage, burial dolomitization in early diagenetic stage, burial dolomitization in middle diagenetic stage, burial dolomitization and the formation of tectonoclastic dolostone in late diagenetic stage. Further studies suggest that carbonate reservoirs of Chang-xing Formation experienced a very complex diagenetic and evolutionary history, which can be divided into five phases: penecontemporaneous diagenesis，early diagenesis，middle diagenesis，late diagenesis and tectonic period. On the basis of the reconstruction of diagenetic sequence and the restoration of porosity evolution history, the authors have reached some conclusions: ① favorable reef and beach facies determine the locations and spatial distribution of the reservoirs； ② the multistage burial dolomitization of reef and beach complexes constitutes the basis of reservoir formation; ③ fracturing and dissolution constitute the key to the formation of high quality reservoirs.

Abstract:The Wupataerkan Group is characterized by cherts in contact with basalts through a thrust fault in Madaer area, Southwest Tianshan Mountains. However, definite evidence on the age of the group is absent. Based on the radiolarians picked up from the cherts, the authors hold that they were formed in Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous. Eleven chert samples have the SiO2 and Al2O3 content ranging respectively from 88.80% to 93.28% and from 2.02% to 3.72%. Four samples could be classified as pure cherts, which have SiO2 content of 91.0%～99.8%. However, all samples have much lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratios than the pure cherts (80～1400). These values suggest that the cherts contain high ratios of continental margin materials in the sources. The Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratios of 0.57～0.72 and Ce/Ce* ratios of 0.90～1.21 suggest that these cherts are genetically biological sediments. Moreover, the Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3） ratios are between 0.64 and 0.77, 10.92×10-6～26.7×10-6 for V, and 2.15×10-6～34.10×10-6 for Cu. The Ti/V ratios vary from 25.53 to 44.93. The cherts have a total REE concentration of 30.78×10-6～59.26×10-6, averaging 45.46×10-6. The (La/Ce)N ratios range from 0.81 to 1.12, between the typical ocean basin and the continental margin. In 100 Fe2O3/SiO2 versus 100 Al2O3/SiO2, Fe2O3/(100-SiO2) versus Al2O3/(100-SiO2), Fe2O3/TiO2 versus Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) and (La/Ce)N versus Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) diagrams, the samples fall into the area of continental margin. All these geochemical characteristics suggest that the cherts were formed in a continental margin setting. The Ceanom values range from -0.06 to 0.08. The characteristics of Ceanom＞-0.1 and significant negative Eu anomalies indicate that the sea water was in an anoxic environment during the deposition. In combination with regional geological setting, it could be inferred that the cherts of the Wupataerkan Group were formed in a small ocean basin, probably at the stage of closing of the South Tianshan ocean basin. The researchers have basically reached consistency on the basic process of tectonic evolution history in Southwest Tianshan Mountains. However, there are different opinions about the collision time between Karakum-Tarim plate and Kazakhstan-Junggar plate. The geochemical characteristics of cherts in Madaer show that the cherts got much continental clastic materials during their formation and that their sedimentary environment was a continental margin. The formation age of cherts is from Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous. Based on these results, it is inferred that the ocean basin experienced shrinking in Early Carboniferous. Moreover, the collision time of the two plates is likely to be Late Carboniferous.

Abstract:K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8) is a major potassic aluminosilicate mineral in nature, and its total reserves are up to 4.641 billion tons in China. Up till now, however, there still exist many difficulties in using this resource directly as potash fertilizer in agriculture due to its high insolubility. In order to decrease the calcination temperature and shorten the calcination time for transforming K-feldspar into soluble potash salt and hence reducing the production costs, this paper has discussed the influences of the addition of four types of fusing agents on the KAlSi3O8-CaSO4-CaCO3 system and selected the most favorable fusing agents. The transformation ratios from K-feldspar mineral to soluble K2O in the KAlSi3O8-CaSO4-CaCO3 system under different calcination conditions were detected systematically. A simulation calculation on such a basis demonstrated that the solid diffusion dynamical process in this reaction was in accordance with the Ginstling dynamic equation, with its apparent activation energy Ea being 128.92 kJ/mol. Four types of fusing agents, namely Na2SO4, Na2SO3, NaCl and NaF, were added into this reaction system respectively by 3%, 3%, 3% and 1% of the total mass of reactant, and the value of the apparent activation energy Ea was decreased from 128.92 to 87.15, 98.71, 117.38 and 126.14 kJ/mol in turn. It is thus shown that Na2SO4 may be the most favorable fusing agent, which can reduce apparent activation energy Ea, decrease reaction temperature effectively and speed up solid diffusion velocity in the KAlSi3O8_CaSO4-CaCO3 system.

Abstract:In order to determine the petrological and mineralogical characteristics of a new kind of pink jade that appeared in Beijing jewelry market recently, the authors used X-ray diffraction（XRD）, electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) , whole rock chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the structure and composition of the pebble sample of this new kind of pink jade. On the basis of the mass balance principle, the proportions of the jade were estimated by means of the phase mixing calculation (PMC). The result shows that the fresh surface of this kind of jade is pink, whereas the weathered surface is yellowish gray. As for gemmological characteristics, this kind of jade is translucent to opaque and has glassy luster, with the relative density being 2.93. With the variation of the proportion of minerals, the refraction indices vary between 1.56 and 1.70. The minerals of the jade are mainly zoisite, albite and quartz, with small amounts of allanite and clinopyroxenes. Results of EPMA and whole rock chemical analysis with the adoption of PMC show that this kind of jade contains 51.9% zoisite, 33.30% albite, 14.4% quartz, 0.6% allanite and 0.1% clinopyroxenes. XRD data have given the same conclusion. The strongest infrared absorption bands of the pink mineral appear in the range of 1110～900 cm-1， similar to the peak value of standard zoisite, indicating that the main mineral of this jade is zoisite, and hence this new jade is a kind of felsic zoisite jade. In comparison with chemical composition of other colors of zoisites, the trace element Mn is very high, suggesting that the pink color of this kind of jade is caused by Mn. These results provide valuable reference for the rapid and accurate deter-mination of the jade.

Abstract:The study of platinum group elements has made important achievements in recent decades. PGE can be hosted in different types of rocks formed in different epochs. The ore-forming condition of PGE is also quite special due to their particular chemical characteristics such as stable chemical behaviors and refractory of common acid and alkali solutions. PGE mineralization in porphyry copper deposits belongs to one of the unconventional PGE mineralizations and is significant for the understanding of the problem how PGE were transported from lithosphere to granite and then concentrated in sulfides. This paper describes the current status of the study of PGE in porphyry copper deposits in the following five aspects: PGE distribution, PGE mineralization, platinum group minerals, fluid inclusions, and enrichment mechanism. The main existing problems in PGE study for porphyry copper deposits, such as unclear influencing factors on PGE distribution, inadequate systematic study of fluid inclusions, insufficient researches on the enrichment mechanism of PGE in porphyry copper deposits, are also discussed. The emphatic points in the study of PGE in porphyry copper deposits are pointed out, and it is further suggested that the series of porphyry copper deposits in the middle and lower Yangtze region are potential areas for the study of PGE in porphyry copper deposits in China. Mutschler et al. first described PGE content of Cordilleran alkaline suite porphyries containing copper and precious metals. Later, elevated PGE content was reported by Eliopoulos et al. based on a PGE content analysis of samples from different alteration zones. Then, much research work on PGE concentration in porphyry copper deposits has been done. A comparison of porphyry copper deposits in different tectonic environments made by Tarkian et al. shows that the porphyry Cu deposits of the island arc type have higher Pd and Pt content than those of the continental margin type. However, some other scientists hold that the PGE content is only related to the sulfide content of the porphyry Cu deposits and has no relation to the geological age, chemical composition of the intrusives and types of magma. So, what are the true factors which affect the PGE content in the porphyry copper deposits? According to a careful optical and microanalysis, the presence of the platinum group minerals (PGM) has been revealed by some researchers. Most of the PGM so far diagnosed in the porphyry copper deposits are tellurides, arsenides, bismuthides and, especially, merenskyite. Based on fluid inclusion study, it is considered that the mineralizing fluids seem to be high temperature and high salinity fluids in the porphyry Cu deposits, and Pd and Pt might have been transported as chloride complexes under suitable physicochemical conditions.

Abstract:There are 118 species of minerals first found in Japan. Among them eighty-seven species were originally named after localities or persons. The current Chinese translations of these minerals have been mostly based on chemical composition characteristics. The Chinese naming of these minerals does not follow the description by original authors and the general guidelines for mineral nomenclature by IMA-CNMNC. Based on the common Japanese-Chinese translation regulation for names of localities and persons, the author have recommended new Chinese names in this paper according to Chinese characters. The English names, Japanese names, original naming rules, current Chinese names and recommended Chinese names are listed for eighty-seven mineral species.