Abstract:Lots of early-middle Paleozoic granitoids occur in Liuyuan area of Be ishan. The Shuangfengshan granitic pluton in Liuyuan is characterized by high Si, alkali (AR=3.99～5.05, NK/A＞0.85), FeOT/ MgO and 10000×Ga/Al values, and low Al2O3, CaO and MgO content, showing metaluminous and alkali features. The granites show high REE, slight richness of LREE, a weak fractionation between LREE and HREE, and an evidently negative Eu anomaly. They are enriched in Rb, Th, Zr and Hf, strongly depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti, and slightly depleted in Ta and Nb. These rocks also have high Rb/Nb and Y/Nb ratios, implying the aluminous A2-type granite. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded a 206Pb/238U age of 415±3 Ma(MSWD=1.5), considered to be the emplacement age of the Shuangfengshan granitic pluton. All these geochemical features indicate that these granites probably resulted from the earlier calc-alkali ne granitic magmas which might crystallized from differentiation of granodioritic magmas formed by partial melting of continental crust (oceanic crust and island arc) due to the underplating of the mantle-derived magma. Based on characteristics of outcrops, chronology, geochemistry and geological setting, the authors hold that the Shuangfengshan granitic pluton might be a post-orogenic or late stage orogenic pluton. The Early Devonian Shuangfengshan A-type granite is the oldest A-type granitic pluton ever found in Beishan, which provides important information for the researches on magmatic and tectonic evolution.

Abstract:Xiaerpu granite is composed of host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and intermediate-basic dyke swarms, with the development of abundant and typical petrographical evidence of magma mixing. In field outcrops, dark minerals are distributed asymmetrically, and dark mineral aggregates, mafic microgranular enclaves, bands of nonuniform mixing are well developed. Mafic microgranular enclaves show characteristics of strong plastic distortion and clear boundary or transitional relationships with host rocks, with well developed reversed veins and captured feldspar phenocrysts (captured crystals). Basic dyke swarms and mafic microgranular enclaves occur closely and are distributed in the same direction, and basic dyke swarms contain the captured feldspar phenocrysts of the host rock, also traversed by the reversed veins of the host rock. Under the microscope, abnormal zoning of plagioclase and many types of disequilibrium mineral associations are developed in enclaves and bands of nonuniform mixing, with the acicular apatite developed in enclaves. These phenomena suggest that mafic microgranular enclaves and basic dyke swarms might have originated from basic magma formed at the same time as the host rock, and they probably experienced strong magma mixing. Petrographic features provide important evidence for magma mixing of Xiaerpu granite

Abstract:The Baoshan area in Heilongjiang Province is tectonically located in t he north of the Yichun-Yanshou fold belt lying between the Songliao Block and the Jiamusi Block in the east of the Xingmeng oregenic belt. Large volumes of Pale ozoic-Mesozoic granitic rocks are distributed in this area. This paper deals emphatically on the Late Hercynian granitoids composed of alkali-feldspar granite, monzogranite and granodiorite. LA-ICP MS (laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) zircon U-Pb dating yielded an age of 252.6±3 Ma. Major element analyses show high SiO2 and alkali content, slightly high Al2O3 content and low MgO and CaO content. Trace element studies demonstrate the enrichment of Rb, Nd, K, Pb, U and depletion of HFSE (high field strength elements) such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti. The samples are enriched in LREE (light rare earth elements) and depleted in HREE (heavy rare earth elements), suggesting a high degree of fractionation. The granites generally belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series and might be produced by the magma that experienced a high degree of crystallization differentiation. Mineral chemistry and petrological geochemistry show that the granites are quite similar to S-type granite, with the material source derived from the crust.

Abstract:The hydrocarbon source rock in Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian strata is one of the four kinds of regional marine source rocks in southern China, and the researches on the palaeo-environment for its formation and development constitute one of the basic problems concerning the marine hydrocarbon accumulation theories of southern China. Two typical sections were selected in this study, and a geochemical analysis of Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian sedimentary rocks was conducted along these sections. Environment indicators were chosen to restore the palaeo-environment. The results show that the high-quality source rocks are concentrated in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and at the bottom of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Such indicators as V/（V+Ni）, Ni/Co, Ceanom, δEu and δ13Corg have good relations with TOC in these format ions, suggesting that good quality hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in an anoxic environment. Geochemical indicators in the upper part of Longmaxi Formation show that the anoxic environment had been destroyed, which was accordant with the high-energy sedimentary environment at that time and was disadvantageous to the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks

Abstract:Volcanic craters are favorable targets in gas exploration an d developm ent, because surrounding these craters there exists the superimposition of various types and facies of volcanic rocks which are characterized by relatively remarkable reservoir thickness, large reservoir porosity and fairly good reservoir properties. The determination of volcanic craters is hence very important in gas exploration and development. Using thin section X-ray diffraction techniques, hi s paper identified arfvedsonite in volcanic rocks from Songliao Basin，and thus confirmed that the volcanic rocks are composed of pantellerite. As the late evolutionary stage product of alkali-rich magma, pantellerite is always accumulated near the volcanic crater due to its high viscosity and poor mobility. As pantellerite can be used as important evidence for the existence of crater, it has an important significance in improving the efficiency of gas exploration and development in volcanic rock areas

Abstract:The Wushanding mud volcano is located along the Chishan fault in southwestern Taiwan. Due to the unique tectonic setting, there exist many mud volcanoes along the Gutingkeng anticline and the Chishan fault in southwestern Taiwan. Investigation was conducted on the genesis of the Wushanding volcano. Based on a field investigation of the Wushanding mud volcano, the authors analyzed mineral components, fluid geochemistry and micropalaeontological assemblage of the muddy eructation. The main mineral components include quartz, illite, kaolinite-smetice, illite-smecite, with such fossils as Reticulofenestra minuta and Sphenolithus abies. Fluid ions are composed mainly of Cl-and Na+. It is thought that both the overpressure of the Gutingkeng Formation and the structural extrusion in Quaternary must have played the crucial roles in the formation and activity of the mud volcano.

Abstract:40Ar-39Ar fast-neutron activation dating of biotite from the Weilasituo Cu-Zn polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia was conducted by microprobe. The average age 133.4±0.8 Ma is considered to be the time limit of the last or the late hydrothermal activity in the Weilasituo copper-zinc deposit. According to regional age relationship, the ore deposit seems to have been controlled by regional post-orogenic lithspheric thinning and strongly related to the magmatism of the late Yanshanian granite. The late regional Yanshanian granite might have provided the necessary heat and material resources for the formation of the Weilasituo deposit.

Abstract:A series of chrysotile samples were synthesized from active MgO and am orphous SiO2 through the hydrothermal reaction under the conditions of different temperatures, Si/Mg ratios and reaction time spans. The influence of different reaction conditions on the synthesis of chrysotile nanotubes was studied by means of infrared spectrometry, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscopy. The results show that the rate of the formation of nanotubes is determined by the Si/Mg ratio, the synthetic temperature and the reaction time. The synthetic chrysotile asbestos become relatively perfect under the conditi ons of high temperature, fairly long reaction time and Si/Mg ratio close to 0.68. The perfect synthetic conditions are thus achieved

Abstract:Micrographs and mineral components of atmospheric fine dust in Zibo City were investigated by means of Field-SEM, EDS and XRD. It is found that mineral composition of the dust is composed of quartz, albite, gypsum, calcite, hematite, muscovite, illite and amorphous material. SEM results imply that there exist at least three kinds of environmental origins of particles in the fine dust. Porous and round particulates are related to the high temperature industrial process, strongly weathered minerals originate from crustal composition, and well-grown crystals may result from chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Ball-like hematite, platy calcite and wadding gypsum are dust minerals with typical micrographs.

Abstract:ICP test, SEM observation and quantitative and crystallinity analysis of mineral phases of Liyang nephrite have revealed that tremolite fiber has higher crystallinity and better orientation than Xinjiang nephrite, which might be attributed to its weaker dynamic reconstruction. Compared with geological characteristics of other nephrite deposits in China, the parent rock of the Liyang nephrite deposit has extremely abundant ALK, which is believed to be the main cause for the higher contents of ALK in Liyang nephrite. This feature is also regarded as one of the identification characteristics. Specific geological features of the Liyang deposit are responsible for petrological and mineralogical characteristics of Liyang nephrite and also account for the higher transparency and lower oil luster of Liyang nephrite.

Abstract:This paper has mainly recommended a mineral abbreviation list (see Table 2 and Table 3). Table 2, which contains 243 minerals, was compiled by IUGS Subcommittee on the Systematic of Metamorphic Rocks (SCMR) in 2007. The author selected other 29 minerals and, on such a basis, formulated Table 3. Thus, the total mineral abbreviations come to 272. It is hoped that they can be popularized in future and become more and more perfect through utilization, so as to provide a basis for ultimate standardization and unification.