Abstract:An analysis of petrography, major elements, trace elements and isotopic elements of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic syenogranites-alkali feldspar granites in Yichun area of Heilongjiang Province shows that most of these rocks have high temperature idiomorphic or conical quartz, accessory mineral fluorite, graphic texture and drusitic structure. Lithochemically, they are characterized by high silicon, enrichment of alkali, low calcium and magnesium and meta-aluminous to peraluminous nature. The REE distribution patterns show slight LREE enrichment with gentle right-oblique deviation and relative flat HREE pattern, sea-gull model of europium depletion, concentration of HFS elements such as Zr, Ce, Y and Ga, and depletion of Ba, Sr and Eu. Homogenization temperatures of quartz inclusions in these rocks are 750~950℃, indicating characteristics of high temperature hypabyssal magmatic passive injection. Syenogranites-alkali feldspar granites are rich in SiO2, K2O and Al2O3, and the values of δ18O are 5.1‰~10.3‰, belonging to granitic rock of normal or somewhat lower δ18O values. The values of ISr are relatively high and the values of of εNd are comparatively low, suggesting that original source materials of the source area are related to the metamorphic basement of the primeval lower crust, and also to a definite extent of crust-mantle magmatic mixing. Based on an integrated analysis, the authors hold that the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic syenogranites-alkali feldspar granites in Yichun area of Heilongjiang Province should belong to aluminous A2-type granites, and the tectonic background might be continental postcollisional collapse and extensional dynamic regime after the ultimate closure of the paleo-Asian ocean.

Abstract:The Honghuapu intrusions, located in the western segment of northern Qinling orogenic belt and intruding into Ordovician Caotangou Formation, are medium-fine grained trondhjemites. Geochemical studies indicate that they are weakly peraluminous calc-alkaline rocks and can be classified as I type granite. Light REE elements are rich, and light and heavy REE are not significantly fractionated. In chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, all samples are LREE-enriched with insignificant Eu anomalies. Their major and trace element geochemical characteristics are all comparable with features of typical volcanic-arc granites. It is thus concluded that the Honghuapu intrusions were formed in island arc settings. The Honghuapu intrusions were dated at (450.5±1.8)Ma by the LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon method. The new geochemical dating has important significance to the study of Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution and dynamic mechanism of Qinling orogenic belt.

Abstract:The black shale series in Early Cambrian Hetang Formation and Huangboling Formation are well developed in Shitai area, Anhui Province. They have distinguished REE geochemical characteristics, i.e., total REE contents are very low; LREE are more abundant than HREE; δEu =0.81~2.32 (1.1 on average), δCe =0.52~0.97 (0.77 on average). The δEu and δCe values change regularly, i.e., the δCe values decrease and then increase from bottom to top in the sedimentary section, but with an increasing tendency on the whole, whereas things are just the opposite for δEu values. REE geochemical characteristics and their systematic changes in the sedimentary section suggest that there existed a process of ingression-regression in this area in the early Cambrian period. The black shale series resulted from the mixing between normal seawater sediments and hot seawater sediments and were deposited under the transitional condition from reduction to semi-reduction and weak oxidation in a shallow-sea clinoform zone of a relatively deep sea environment with dry climate.

Abstract:There is a set of oceanic island type alkaline basaltic pyroclastic rocks composed of debris and fine-grained pyroclastic materials in western Jiamusi terrain, Yilan area. These rocks resulted from low temperature and high pressure metamorphism during the closure process of the ancient oceanic basin between Jiamusi terrain and Songnen terrain, and formed a large number of sodium amphiboles in them. The sodium amphiboles in pyroclastic debris are distributed uniformly and non -directionally, and generally show zonal structure. The core is mainly crossite and the edge part is glaucophane. The sodium amphiboles in fine-grained pyroclastic materials are distributed directionally, composed exclusively of crossite. Temperature and pressure conditions for the formation of these sodium amphiboles are quite similar, with temperature between 300 and 350℃ and pressure about 0.7 GPa. Based on mineral composition of pyroclastic debris and finegrained pyroclastic debris, structure characteristics of sodium amphiboles and deformation characteristics of pyroclastic debris, it is inferred that the primary conditions for the formation of sodium amphiboles are low temperature and high pressure metamorphism and sufficient sodium source. Under the condition of sufficient sodium source, the kinds of sodium amphiboles have a direct relationship with oxygen fugacity in the system. Glaucophane and crossite were formed under low oxygen fugacity and high oxygen fugacity respectively. The formation of these sodium amphiboles is related to the collision between Jiamusi terrain and Songnen terrain and also to the later deformation style of rocks.

Abstract:By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the authors studied the mineral components of cigarette ash from 28 kinds of Chinese-produced cigarettes as well as cigarette paper ash, cut tobacco and filter tip of 2 kinds of cigarette (Green Nanjing and Yunyan). The preliminary results obtained show that there is whewellite in cut tobacco, filter tip contains no minerals, and calcite is the dominant mineral composition in cigarette ash. Besides calcite, small amounts of quartz, sylvine, arcanite and gypsum are also existent in the cigarette ash. It is considered that these materials are derived from different sources: calcite comes from cigarette paper, whewellite is crystallized during the growth of tobacco leaf itself, and gypsum is formed in the combustion process of cigarette. These results provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive understanding of nosogenesis of cigarette.

Abstract:The Saidu gold deposit is located in the northwest part of Ertix tectonic zone in Xinjiang. The ore bodies occur in altered mylonite zones within the Markuli giant fault belt and are controlled by the ductile shear zone. The tectonic-metallogenic fluids of the early stage are characterized by mesothermal-hypothermal CO2-N2-rich fluids, with homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions being 252.0~408.0℃. The tectonic-metallogenic fluids at the middle stage are characterized by CO2-H2O fluids, with homogenization temperatures being 203.0~325.8℃. The fluids at the late stage were epithermal-mesothermal low salinity aqueous solutions, with homogenization temperatures being 120.0~221.0℃. The δ34S values of pyrite in the gold deposit range from 3.53‰ to 5.88‰; the lead isotopic compositions are fairly constant, with 206Pb/204Pb ranging from 18.0997 to 18.3585, 207Pb/204Pb ranging from 15.4877 to 15.5790, and 208Pb/204Pb ranging from 38.1116 to 38.3551. Sulfur and lead isotope studies indicate that the ore-forming materials originated from the deep portion, and had close relationship with magmatic activity. The ore materials were obtained from rocks of the lower crust during the orogenic period. The main gold mineralization was related to the post-orogenic extension environment, with the evolution characteristics corresponding to the evolution of shear zones.

Abstract:Calcareous interbeds are one of the main factors controlling the formation and distribution of remaining oil. Calcareous interbeds are extraordinarily developed in Shen-95 Block, Damintun Sag. Using rich core and logging data available, the authors have dealt in detail with the genesis and distribution of calcareous interbeds. Studies show that calcareous interbeds in this area were formed by early nonferrous carbonate and telogenetic ferroan carbonate cementation. Early calcareous interbeds are mainly distributed in the flood plain and delta plain, whereas telogenetic calcareous interbeds are mainly spread in the delta front, lying in the interface between sandstone and mudstone, with their contents higher at the bottom or top of the thick sand body than in the middle part. Early calcareous interbeds were produced in the process of evaporation resulting in the precipitation of calcium-rich pore water in the deposition phase, whereas telogenetic calcareous interbeds were formed during the dissolution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the hydrocarbon source rock (mudstone) and the precipitation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the reservoir rock (sandstone) under the condition of organic acid. The distribution regularity of the calcareous interbeds is obviously helpful to the exploration of remaining oil.

Abstract:The upper part of 4th Member of Tertiary Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag is composed of a set of high quality source rocks. The variation of element content and the typical element ratios generally record the characteristics of sedimentary environment. In this paper, the paleosalinity of the upper part of 4th Member was studied on the basis of a geochemical analysis of trace elements, and three assemblies of source rocks with different geochemical characteristics were distinguished by means of cluster analysis. With the ratios of Sr/Ba, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn and Sr/Cu, the samples of the upper part of4th Member were assigned to three groups with different paleosalinities. It is indicated that the upper part of 4th Member of the Shahejie Formation was deposited under a comparatively dry weather condition. Nevertheless, the lacustrine salinity evidently increased from the shallow water near the lake brim to deep water at the lake center. Interestingly, the salinity of the northern sag is much lower, which may be attributed to the high riverine input from the Chenjiazhuang-Qingtuozi highland. These findings will highlight the studies of high quality lacustrine source rocks in the study area.

Abstract:Secondary pores and carbonate cements are quite well developed in sandstones near the unconformity between Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of Yongjin area in central Junggar Basin. Data obtained by thin-sections analysis, cathodoluminescence emission analysis and SEM/EDX show that carbonate cements seem to be the uppermost cements composed of ferroan sparry calcite and ankerite and are distributed mostly in the depth interval of 100 m below the unconformity, with their contents increasing with the depth. Carbon and oxygen isotope and elements determination in mudstone values indicate that atmospheric fresh water did not have a distinct effect on reservoir characters below the unconformity, but the development of carbonate cements and pores was closely related to the organic acid. With the action of the organic acid, early carbonates, feldspar and clay minerals provided materials for later carbonates, and the dissolved matters moved to the unconformity by acidic fluids and deposited again, which led to the superimposition of high contents of porosity and carbonate cements at the depth. As the ferroan sparry carbonate cements were formed later and the sandstone reservoir was on the whole not subjected to any other constructive diagenesis, the development of carbonate cements must have played an apparent controlling effect on reservoir characteristics.

Abstract:Exemplified by Chang 9-Chang 7 braided channel delta sediments of Yanchang Formation along Ruishui River outcrop profile in southwestern Ordos Basin, this paper deals mainly with sandstone reservoir and diagenseis characteristics of the Grade 3 sequence boundary. An analysis by such experimental means as thin-section identification, SEM and X-ray diffraction has revealed that the sequence boundary along the Ruishui River outcrop profile controlled the sandstone reservoir and its diagenetic process, that the main matrix below the sequence boundary is aedelforsite, while that over the boundary is aedelforsite, and that the pores are mainly secondary pores formed by matrix dissolution. The area-porosity ratio is higher over the sequence boundary than below the boundary, which is favorable for the development of the reservoir.

Abstract:TiO2 photocatalyst, palygorskite/ TiO2 composite photocatalyst and palygorskite/ magnetic iron oxide/ TiO2 composite photocatalyst were prepared by hydrolyte tetrabutyl titanate and loaded Fe3O4 in the system of ferrous sulfate and potassium nitrate. The composite photocatalyst was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and magnetic susceptibility (MS). The effects of doped Fe3O4 and doped palygorskite on photocatalysis and a comparative study of the photocatalytic decolorization rate between TiO2 in composite photocatalyst and TiO2 on the market were evaluated by the decolorization of methyl orange. The results indicate that doped Fe3O4 and palygorskite can decrease the average size of anatase in composite photocatalyst and improve the dispersion of anatase. Whether the doped Fe3O4 can improve photocatalytic activity or not is related to calcination temperature of the photocatalyst. Doped palygorskite can affect the best calcination temperature of photocatalyst.

Abstract:Biomineralization in the cardiovascular system of the human body is mainly characterized as calcifications with the formation of calcium phosphates, which are commonly composed of the valvular heart as well as aortic and coronary artery calcifications. Based on calcification features of the cardiovascular system and the medicinal understanding in this aspect, this paper focuses on the relationship between the cardiovascular calcification and the disease diagnosis and treatment with the purpose of developing a new method for the early diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular calcification from the angle of the cross discipline of mineralogy and pathology.