Abstract:The corundum megacrysts in basalts from Changle of Shandong Province, as the main source of blue sapphires in China, contain varied types of fluid and melt inclusions. Knowledge of their micro-thermometry, compositions, densities, and trapping temperatures (T) and pressures (P) is insufficiently known, which has hindered the study of source areas of sapphires, phase behaviors of fluids/ melts in the Earth's interior, and genesis of corundum megacrysts. The authors performed detailed mirco-thermometric measurement of the inclusions and used a newly-developed technique to analyze the densities of some fluid inclusions that were hardly obtained from micro-thermometry. Fluid inclusions are CO2-rich with minor other volatiles and have lower densities of 0～0.55 g/cm3（mostly lower than 0.3g/cm3）or otherwise higher densities of 0.65～0.75 g/cm3. The fluid inclusions with lower densities resulted from leakage. The other type of fluid inclusions is rich in H2O-CO2 with minor other volatiles and has low salinities with bulk densities of 0.64～0.78 g/cm3. Except for a few which can be homogenized at 1100～1300℃, the two types of melt inclusions mostly cannot realize whole homogenization, which is attributed to the high viscidity of solid materials within the inclusions. For the other three types of melt inclusions, except for some which can be homogenized at 1040～1280℃, the others cannot be homogenized due to heterogeneous trapping of immiscible fluids and melts. Consequently, the lowest homogeneous temperatures of 1000～1100℃ are considered to be the real trapping temperatures. On the basis of the temperatures and by using isochores of fluid inclusions, the trapping pressures are constrained at 350～640 MPa, corresponding to 12～23 km litho-static pressures of the lower/middle crust. The phase changes in many CO2-rich inclusions cannot be observed during heating and cooling, which seems to be an important symbol for distinguishing Changle corundum from corundums of other areas. In addition, the heterogeneous trapping and the coexistence of CO2-rich/CO2-H2O-rich inclusions and melt inclusions suggest that immiscibility between fluids and melts occurred under the trapping T-P conditions. It is thus concluded that the Changle corundums crystallized from a CO2-oversaturated melts with high temperatures in the lower/middle curst.

Abstract:Based on regional geological investigation and detailed petrological, contact relationship, isotope age and geochemical studies, this paper has dealt with geochemical characteristics and tectonic environments of granites in such rock bodies as Late Caledonian Baihua intrusive, Xiongshangou intrusive, Early Variscan Dangchuan intrusive and Huoyanshan intrusive in southern Tianshui area. The Baihua intrusive has low potassium content (K2O/Na2O=0.13～0.91), low aluminum (A/CNK=0.74～0.78), low Nb, Zr and rare earth elements (∑REE=107.71×10-6～191.13×10-6) and rich trace elements Cr, Ni, Y , Rb, Sr; the early rock of the Xiongshangou intrusive has low K2O (K2O/Na2O=0.33～0.42), whereas the late rock has rich K2O (K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43) and trace elements Th, Hf, Nb, Zr; the Late Caledonian intrusives have some common characteristics: their rocks belong to tholeiitic-calc-alkaline series with enriched rare earth elements; they have no or indistinctive Eu negative anomalies and lowδ18O (δ18O=＋3.32‰), showing characteristics of “I-type" granite. The Xiongshangou intrusive derived its materials from the lower crust; the Baihua intrusive was formed in an island-arc tectonic environment; the Dangchuan intrusive is enriched in SiO2(SiO2=72.29%～73.40%), K2O(K2O/Na2O=0.86～2.01), and Al2O3(A/CNK=1.05～1.20); the Huoyanshan intrusive contains low SiO2 (69.70% on average) and high K2O (K2O/Na2O=1.14～1.88), Fe2O3+FeO and MgO. The Early Variscan intrusives show the following common characteristics: their rocks belong to shoshonitic series, with high Al2O3 (A/CNK>1.0) and abundant such large ion lithophile elements as Ba, Zr, Rb, Sm, Ta, Rb, Ba, Th and Nb; with high race earth elements, they have distinct negative Eu anomalies and low δEu （δEu =0.36～0.61) ; (87Sr/86Sr)0＞0.7070, with high δ18O (δ18O =＋8.89‰～＋11.08‰); they thus belong to medium strontium granite, with source materials derived from the earth's crust, belonging to “S-type" granite; they were formed in a pos t-collision tectonic environment or a post-orogenic tectonic environment.

Abstract:A highly accurate U-Pb age of（132.5±2.4）Ma was obtained for zircon from the Laowan granite in Tongbai area by using the U-Pb SHRIMP method. It is concluded that the Laowan granite intruded during Middle Yanshanian rather than Late Yanshanian as some researchers have considered. Considering the timing of the regional tectonic-magmatic activity, the authors hold that there existed an important tectonic-magmatic event during Middle Yanshanian, with the Laowan granite being the product of this event.

Abstract:The exsolution assemblage of sillimanite from quartzofeldspathic gneiss in the Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica consists of magnetite, ilmenite-hematite and quartz exsolution laminae and minor orthopyroxene. A compositional analysis shows that the sillimanite primarily crystallized at high temperature has not only Fe3+ but also Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ti4+ substitutes. Iron oxides can be as high as 2.9%. With the decreasing temperature, the solubility of the other components in sillimanite decreased and most of the dissolved components were exsolved, resulting in the formation of the exsolution texture. The sill imanite stable at low temperature is dominated by Fe3+ substitution for Al in the octhedral coordination. The iron replacement of sillimanite may somewhat affect the physic-chemical calculation and exert negative effects on sillimanite mineralization. The Fe substitution in sillimanite has an insignificant effect on a but a substantial effect on b, especially on c values of the crystal cell lattice. These results are to some extent contradictory to the previous conclusions.

Abstract:The variations of microstructures associated with the motion transformation in the central southern part of the Red River fault were studied in this paper. The researches included careful observation of microstructures in eighteen mylonite, twelve breccia, ten cataclasite, and eight sandy conglomerate samples from the fault, of which some were dated by the fission track in apatite (FT) method. In addition, the fault slip data were used to infer tectonic stress tensors. The results show that the microstructure of mylonite is indicative of left-slip during the early activity of the Red River fault. The FT ages of the mylonite and undeformed sandy conglomerate exceed 20 Ma, implying that a thermal event occurred in the Red River fault at that time. The microstructures of cataclastite and breccia imply the existence of right-slip during the late activity period of the fault. The above features, the FT ages （9.9～12.7 Ma, 6.8～8.4 Ma, 2.0～4.6 Ma）, and the different stress fields suggest that the Red River fault has undergone three dislocations since the Miocene, of which the first was strike-slip, and the second and third were of normal faulting.

Abstract:The lower sandstone part of Eogene Kumugeliemu Group in Kuqa depression can be divided into three depositional belts, namely the fluvial fan coarse de posit-incised channel filling-fluvial-delta system of South Tianshan Mountain marginal grit belt, the near fluvial fan-fan delta deposit of Wensu uplift margin belt, and the incised valley filling-fluvial-delta shallow lake shoal bar of Tabei uplift belt. There are dry salt lake-lagoon-sea gulf sediments in the middle of the depression. A source rock analysis shows that the western Wensu uplift, northern south Tianshan Mountain and continent eroded source rocks of Tabei uplift comprised the major source rocks of Eogene Kumugeliemu Group sediments. The clastic materials mainly came from South Tianshan Mountain and Wensu uplift recycle orogenic belts. The thrust orogenesis and the uplift of the northern margin of the depression formed a prolonged source rock supply area. Along the northeastern margin of the depression, there was developed a fluvial fan of great thickness. The western Wensu uplift provided source rock in the early period, and there was developed a small marginal fan or a fan-braided fluvial delta along the uplift margin. The Tabei uplift also provided some source meterials in the early Eogene, and the erosion of the crystalline basement near Kela 201 well was the major material source of southern continent eroded area. The substance of Quele 1 and Yangta 5 well came probably from the above three source rock belts forming a mixed source area. The result of the source system analysis is consistent to the global paleo-structure and paleogeographic framework. The eastern basement was much higher than western Eogene Kuqa depression, and hence there existed the migration of large amounts of terrigenous detrital materials from east to west. The paleo-structure framework combined with the eastern and western uplift belts and t he northern marginal foreland frontal deep belt determined the source system and the paleolithologic distribution.

Abstract:The main factor responsible for rich hydrocarbon resources is the good behaviors of reservoirs in South Turgai Basin. An analysis of characteristics, diagenesis and pore type evolution of reservoir rocks shows that diagenesis and pore evolution exerted great effects on the properties of reservoir rocks. Lots of thin sections were analyzed by such means as standard petrographic microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis so as to study the selected samples. Diagenetic complexity suggests that mechanical compaction and pressure solution, miscellaneous filling actions, cementation and replacement led to the decrease of porosity, whereas solution of unsteady minerals resulted in the increase of porosity. The evolution of organic materials and the sequence of clay minerals imply that diagenesis and pore evolution of the sandstone varied obviously with the increasing buried depth: the porosity type was mainly interparticle pores of the primary pore type at the early diagenetic stage, mainly the mixing of the primary and secondary pores at the middle diagenetic stage, and mainly the secondary pores at the late diagenetic stage. A comprehensive evaluation of the reservoirs in South Turgai Basin has led the authors to the conclusion that the Aryskum Formation, the Akshabulak Formation and the Kumkol Formation belong to Class I Reservoir, which may be regarded as the main targets in future prospecting work.

Abstract:Iron oxyhydroxides (FeOOH), as a mineral material and a group ofα-,β-,γ-FeOOH polymorphs, are commonly existent in some soils, sediments, and acid mine drainage environments. They can remove heavy metals from contaminate d environments by such means as coprecipitation, ions exchange and adsorption. Thus, iron oxyhydroxides are usually applied in adsorption and removal of heavy metals from contaminated water because they have stable chemical properties, relatively large specific surface areas and fine particle structures. In this paper, the type, structure, composition, and mineral phase transformation of iron oxyhydroxides are discussed in detail. This paper gives a review on the synthetic methods for iron oxyhydroxides, which include ferric hydrolysis and neutralization, ferrous oxidation by air, ferrous biooxidation and biomineralization and gel-net work precipitation means. Some factors affecting the formation of oxyhydroxides are also dealt with. The roles of various crystalline iron oxyhydroxides in the chromium removal from contaminated environments are summarized in the end of this paper.

Abstract:The effects of adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, vibration rate, pH value and adsorption equilibrium were studied through the test of the adsorption of Cd2+ ions in waters with palygorskite based on purification of Jingyuan palygorsk ite clay at the normal temperature, and the kinetics process and adsorption equilibrium were discussed. The XRD and IR analysis results indicate that quartz is separated from the original mineral obviously with the purification. The equilibrium can be reached in about 60 minutes. The effect of pH value on adsorption is evident, the adsorption amount increases with the rise of pH value, and the disposal rate can exceed 99% when pH＞8. The adsorption process is on the whole identical with pseudo-second-order Lagergren model, the adsorption of Cd2+ on palygorskite is fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the saturated adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm is 31.65 mg/g.

Abstract:本文以表格的形式列举了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准、并于2005年度正式发表的新矿物共43种. 其中硅酸盐有14种，磷酸盐5 种，砷酸盐2种，硫酸盐2种，亚硒酸盐1种，碳酸盐1种，硫化物2种，硫盐5种，硒化物1种，硒锑化物1种，锑化物2种，氧化物和氢氧化物5种，复杂卤化物2种. 文中表格依次列出了矿物名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生（伴生）组合等.