Abstract:The Laangcuo ophiolite massif situated in southwest Tibet and the western part of the Yalung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) consists of mantle peridotites and intruded basaltic dikes. The Laangcuo peridotites exhibit a typical porphyroclastic texture as well as melt impregnation and metasomatism textures. Cr# values of spinel in peridotites vary broadly from 0.32to 0.70. Most of samples are LREE_enriched ones associated with increasing HFSE, but a few samples are LREE-depleted. The former underwent a high degree of partial melting (15%～23%), whereas the latter experienced a slight partial melting (～10%). These features show that the Laangcuo peridotites were formed by partial re-melting of MORB-type depleted peridotites during the subduction and reformed by interaction between the melt and the residual mantle, but they were not residues of pyrolite formed directly after the ngle-phase partial melting. As a result of different degrees of mixing and metasomatism between the melt and the residual mantle, peridotites of different degrees of maturity were formed.Petrographic and geochemical studies of the Laangcuo ridotites provide new evidence for the formation and evolution of the Tethys oceanic basin represented by the YZSZ ophiolite zone.

Abstract:Detailed petrographic and geochemical studies show that the diabase dyke swarms in the western segment of the southern Altun tectonic belt belong to tholeiite series. The major elements of the diabase dykes are characterized by intermediate TiO2(1.19%～1.59%)，high MgO(5.51%～7.88%)，poor K2O(0.04%-84%)and P2O5(0.10%～0.20%)and Na2O>K2O；Characteristics of high field strength elements contents show that the diabase dyke swarms are of E-type MORB or transitional types from continental (intraplate) rift basalt to mid-ocean ridge basalt. The diabase dyke swarms have high contents of ∑REE and unremarkable fractionation between LREE and HREE ［(La/Yb)N=1.93～3.61，LREE/HREE=3.0～4.10］. Chondrite_normalized REE diagrams show a slightly enriched LREE patterns. Combined with the basalt tectonic discrimination diagrams，it is held that the diabase dyke swarms in the western segment of the southern Altun tectonic beltmight have been formed in a transitional tectonic environment from rift to MORB, i.e., the tectonic environment of an initial small oceanic basin.

Abstract:Yunxian granite in South Lancangjiang convergent margin comprises mainly diorite monzonite granite and belongs to the potassium_rich calc_alkali series, with SiO2 being 68。57% and K2O/Na2O 1。67 on average. The acidity and alkalinity of the rock are lower than the average values of the same kind of rocks, and its mafic ingredient is higher than the average value, suggesting that the rock is somewhat intermediate and similar to the syn_collision type granite. Yunxian granite is peraluminous, with Al2O3 being 13。66% and A/CNK 1.1 onaverage and the corundum molecule more than 1% according to CIPW. The rocksare on the whole relatively rich in LILE but poor in HFSE and shows moderate negative Eu anomalies with δEu being 0.52～0.57, ΣREE 240.75×10－6 on averageand (La/Yb)N 8.88～9.41. According to geochemical characteristics and related discrimination diagrams, it is suggested that Yunxian granite should be of S type and its tectonic setting corresponds to CCG. The results of zircon U_Pb dating show that the formation period of the source rocks must not have been later than the Jinningian (＞778 Ma), with the main formation periods being from late Hercynian to Indosinian. Two ages of206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U of the genetically magmatic zircon are 49 Ma and 61 Ma,which indicate the probable existence of Himalayan magmatic activity in Yunxian granite.

Abstract:Located in middle Biyang sag, the Bidian area is a deep-waterdeposition area with sand_bearing ratios being mostly 20%. There exist typical sedimentary gravity flows in the Bidian area, and two kinds of facies, i.e.,lacustrine facies and sublacustrine fan facies, were identified in Ⅲ～Ⅳ sand-bed sets of 3rd Member of Hetaoyuan Formation. Sliding evidence of fluidized flows, slips, pull-apart and drop-down rock masses could be found from well cores. In addition,ripple cross laminations, water_escaping structure and dish_shaped structure also grew, with the last two phenomena developed in the Bouma sequence of C segment, in association with the ripple cross laminations. Flat and conformable beds formed by turbidites of Bouma BE segments are seen above and below the rock masses. The layer-flattening seismic profiles also show that, before the deposition of the second sand_bed set of 3rd Member of Hetaoyuan Formation, there existed parallel and sub_parallel seismic reflections interbedded with lentoid or wavy, eyeball_shaped textures. It is held that the parallel and sub_parallel textures probably represent background sediments of deep-water mudstones, whereas the wavy and eyeball_shaped textures represent typical sublacustrine fans.

Abstract:Diagenesis of Jiangling depression is controlled by sedimentary water and characterized by rich carbonate cementation in fresh to semi-salt water and rich anhydrite in salt water. The abundances of the two cements show a mutual growth and decline relationship. The salt environment is controlled by the deep brine and paleoclimate. The differences of the diagenetic model between the fresh water-semisalt environment and the salt environment lead to the differences between the two environments in the mechanism of resistance to compaction and the distribution of high-porosity zones. Early carbonate cement dissolution in the fresh water-semisalt environment forms high-porosity zones, while the development zone of gypsum and anhydrite is beneficial to forming a mothballed box of overpressure at depth, thus preserving original pores and leading to the development of highporosity zones.

Abstract:Main lithologic characteristics, reservoir space and influence factors of Nantun Formation reservoirs in northern Beixixiepo area of Hailar Basin were studied by such means as standardized processing of logging curves and information extraction, observation of rock cores and well log debris, electronic scanning and thin section analysis as well as mercury penetration analysis. The results indicate that Nantun Formation in Hailar Basin is mainly composed of inland lake facies clastic rocks, comprising chiefly breccia, glutenite, conglomerate, grit, fine sandstone,iltstone, argillaceous sandstone and mudstone. The averageporosity of the Nan-1st section reservoir is 6.15%, and the average permeability is 0.31×10-3μm2,uggesting that the reservoir is characterized by low porosity and extremely low porepermeability. The average porosity of Nan-2nd section reservoir is 12.18%, and the average permeability is 2.79×10-3μm2, implying that the reservoir is of mesoporosity and low pore permeability. The reservoir spatial type is of typical intergranular space, with the development of some induced pores. The throat is divided into four types（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ;Ⅳ）. Favorable reservoir sand body types seem to be the fan delta front branch channel sand body, the fan delta plain braided channel sand body and the shore shallow lake sand dam microfacies sand body. The properties of the reservoir are mainly affected by sedimentary facies and diagenesis.

Abstract:Based on the thermal simulation method of closed container with water, the authors studied experimentally characteristics of hydrocarbon-generation composition and volume, and probed into the effect of uranium-bearing minerals on the hydrocarbon process. It is suggested that the volumes of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon obviously increase after the addition of uranium-bearing minerals as catalyzer to mudstone and coal samples. The gaseous hydrocarbon yield of the coal samples increases by 34% on average, and mudstone samples by 30% or more. The liquid hydrocarbon productivity shows that the uranium-bearing minerals promote the liquid hydrocarbon yield of mudstone and coal samples. It is found that the regular increase of saturated hydrocarbon and arene is obvious during the hightemperature stage with uranium_bearing minerals as catalyzer, as is shown by analyzing the composition of chloroform asphalt ‘A’ of mudstone. The authors havereached the conclusion that the high polymerization is increased with the evolution of arene and the non-hydrocarbon and asphalt, and even the insoluble matterscan be transformed into saturated hydrocarbon. A comprehensive study shows that the radioactive uranium plays an active role in hydrocarbon generation.

Abstract:Bacteria-related decomposition of minerals and rocks is an important geological process. In the same environment, different minerals usually weather in different ways, and the weathering characteristics of the same kind of mineral can also be different due to diverse surface properties. Based on experiments of the dissolution of bacteria-related basalt, this paper deals with the effects of surface properties of diagenetic minerals on their dissolution. The result shows that Paenibacillus polymyxa and its metabolites can remarkably promote the dissolution of basalt. Under the bacterial condition, olivine is the most dissolvable mineral, followed by augite, and feldspar is most stable. The dissolution of olivine is controlled mainly by chemical properties at the initial stage, and by the ratio of surface area to weight at subsequent stages.

Abstract:The performance of denitrification in the zeolite biological aerated filter and the biological removal were studied experimentally. The results show that the removal rate of COD is 67% to 90%, that of NH3—N from 52% to 82%, and that of TN from 33% to 67% under the conditions of organic loading 0.8～6.4 kg COD/(m3·d), hydraulic loading 1～2 m/h, and air to water ratio 1∶1～4∶1.The rate of nitrification is 0.23 mg/min under the ammonia concentration of 10～30 mg/L. Bacteria can use the ammonia in zeolite. Grading and partitioning water intake can raise the velocity of bioregeneration and reduce the regeneration time.

Abstract:The wastewater of palygorskite clay acid activation causes serious env ironmental pollution during the production of fuller's activated earth. Such was te water was used by the authors to prepare polymerized aluminum-ferrum chloride (PAFC) through the addition of high concentration of alkali under certain condi tions. The optimal pH in the process of the preparation of PAFC was 4.0, and the product obtained can basically meet the State Water Treatment Agent Standard of GB15892-2003. With the addition amount of 480 mg/L of PAFC, the removal rate of turbidity reached 98.3% for the synthetic water, and the operation could be adapted to a relatively wide pH range, suggesting that the treatment effect is bett er than that of the other commonly-used flocculants.

Abstract:The rutile U-Pb dating methodology established at the Isotope Laboratory of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources is reported in this paper. Some key problems as various factors affecting U and Pb blanks, the isotopic fractionation effect and the interference isotopic peaks are discussed in detail in this paper, with some measures for improvement of the experimental methodology put forward. Rutiles separated from the ultra-high-pressure metamorphic eclogite in the Dabie Mountain was dated using the improved method, and a precise, accurate and geologically significant age of 218.2±1.2 Ma was obtained.

Abstract:This paper has made a brief analysis of the museum construction based on the application of the internet, digital information, and varieties of technologies characterized by mature development and adaptability to public demands. According to the mineral-crystallization classification program, the authors put forward a reasonable scheme for mineral classification, designed seven functional structures and corresponding sub-structures, and set up the standard for displaying mineral contents. With such means as 3D technology, multimedia technology and word messages, the mineral digital museum aims at displaying minerals to the audience on the network from the macroscopic shape to the abstract morphology of the crystal as well as its micro-crystal structure and smallest unit structure. It is therefore concluded that the digital museum can play an important role in scientific teaching, promotion of national popular science educationand fostering of creative talents, and can also build a good platform for people's understanding of the mineral world.