Abstract:Located in the northern part of the central segment of the Nanling Range, southeastern Hunan is a nonferrous mineralized concentration area in South China. All important deposits are related to Early Yanshanian granites, whereas a few Indosinian granites have formed large-size deposits. Studies show that the difference in tectonic settings is one of the principal factors responsible for the metallogenic differences, that is, the Early Yanshanian granites were formed in an extensional post-orogenic setting, while the Indosinian granites were formed in a weakly compressional post-collisional setting. It is also demonstrated that the Early Yanshanian granites have better W-Sn-polymetallic metalloginitic geochemical conditions than the Indosinian granites in that the former contain richer ore-forming elements W, Sn, radioactive calorific elements U, Th, and volatile elements F,Be,B, Li, Rb, are more alkaline,and have lower Fe2O3/FeO and (La/Yb)N ratios and δEu values and higher Rb/Sr ratios, which indicate that the magma has experienced a higher degree of crystallization differentiation Therefore, the petro-geochemical differences between the two kinds of granites with different ages should constitute one of the chief causes for metallogenitic differences besides the tectonic regimes. The petro-geochemi-cal differences are likely to be related to the differences in tectonic-magmatic evolution and tectonic setting.

Abstract:A fission track analysis of apatite samples from Cenozoic sandstone near the Kuqa River shows that these samples can be divided into 3 groups, which display the exhumation and cooling of the margin of the Kuqa Basin or the Tianshan Mountains. Based on experimental data and thermal history modeling, it is concluded that the South Tianshan and Kuqa Basin experienced three major uplifting events. The South Tianshan began to uplift at 142 Ma, causing differentiation between the basin and the mountain. The uplifting in 96--75 Ma was a regional event, during which the basin margin and the Tianshan uplifted together. The Tianshan and Kuqa Basin underwent differential uplifting during 54--30 Ma, resulting from ladder-like uplift of basin and mountain.

Abstract:The Huanggangliang deposit in Inner Mongolia is a large-size Fe-Sn poly metallic deposit in the central-southern section of Da Hinggan Ling area, where Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic-plutonic rocks are widespread. Thus the deposit is regarded as an epigenetic hydrothermal deposit genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism. Based on a study of geochemical characteristics of this deposit combined with the deposit geology, the authors have reached the following conclusions: （1）the stratabound ore-bearing skarn associated with magnetite ore and micro-disseminated tin is a peculiar example of exhalites；（2）REE geochemical characteristics show that the stratabound skarn in this deposit is different remarkably from the typical magmatic_hydrothermal contact metasomatic skarn but is quite similar to the modern sea floor hydrothermal fluid sedex deposit and associated hydrothermal sedimentary rock, and hence it should genetically belong to the hydrothermal exhalative type; （3）the relationship between carbon and oxygen isotopes in the stratabound ore-bearing skarn is on the whole comparable with that of many sedex-type sulfide ores and associated exhalites，implying a similar genesis for these deposits.

Abstract:Recentl,a mantele mineral assemblage consisting ofdiamond,coesite, Si-rutile,native elements,alloys,oxides,sulfides and sulfo-arsenides was found in chromitite of Luoobusa ophiolite in the Yarlung Zangboophiolite zone,Tibet.The sulfides and sulfo-arsenides with specific compositions occur as inclusions inbasemetal and PGE alloys.Based onchemical analyses,the authors have found that the elements comprising the minerals are mainly S,Ar,Te,Fe,Ni,Co,Cu,Pt,Pd,Os,Ir,Mn and Ti.Thirty different sulfide and sulf-arsenides mineral species in chromitite of the Luobusa podiform chromitite were identified,which include named and unnamed minerals: FeS,NiS,(Ni,Fe)S,Fe3S2,Ni3S2,(Ru,Os,Ir)s2,RuS2,Rh7As3,Rh5Ni(Cu)As4,Pd4Rh3As3,Pd8As2,Pd3Te3As,Pd7Te3,RuAs,PtAs2,Ni4Rh3As3,Rh(As,S)2,RuS2, Rh7As3,, Rh5Ni(Cu)As4, Ed4Rh3As3, Pd8As2, Pd3Te3As, Pd7Te3, AuAs, PtAs2, Ni4Rh3As3, Rh(As, S)2, (rh, Ir)(As, S)2, Ir(As, S)2, MnS, Ti7S3, Ti7N3, Rh3.5Se3.5cuS2, RhS, Ir2S3, (Ir, Cu)2S3, (co, Ni, fe)2(As, s)3, (Ir, Pt)(As, S)2, Ru3(As, S)7 and (BM)x(PGE)yS10-(x+y. As mineral crystals are too small(<25 um), and X-Ray analytical data remain very insufficient for unnamed minerals, much research work remains to be done in future.

Abstract:Based on FTIR experiments of diopsides and omphacites at varying temperatures, this paper discussed the incorporation mechanisms of OH defects in clinopyroxene minerals from a new point of view, i.e., thermal expansion. There are three groups of OH absorption bands in clinopyroxene minerals, namely, 3600～3620 cm-1,3500～3540 cm-1, and 3445～3465 cm-1. The OH incorporation mode of Group 1 bands is Si4+ +O2- +1/2H2<->Al3++OH-, while the M2 vacancy is responsible for the OH incorporation mode of Group 3 bands. The OH incorporation mode of Group 2 bands is complex and might be related to several different positions. The OH dipole vibration direction of Group 2 bands is the same as that of Group 3 bands, along the shared edge of M1 and M2 polyhedra,O2—O1. And the OH dipole of Group 1 bands vibrates between O2 and O3 along the edge of M2 polyhedron.

Abstract:The in-situ high-pressure structure of natural staurolite collected from the progressive metamorphic belt in Chonghuer of Altay area in Xinjiang was studied at room temperature using synchrotron radiation energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and diamond anvil cell under the pressure up to 3 .9 GPa. The experimental results show that the unit-cell parameter β is continuously increasing with increasing pressure, suggesting the decrease of structural symmetry of staurolite. An unknown phase transition in staurolite structure was also observed in the pressure range of 1.5～2.7 GPa.

Abstract:Phosphatisation has widely occurred in oceanic Co_rich crusts and exerted a remarkable effect on the properties of Co-rich crusts. However, no agreement has so far been reached with regard to the genesis of phosphate. In this study，the upper and lower layers in the older portion of a crust from the Central Pacific WX seamount were systemically observed and tested by such means as reflecting microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction, and their possible geneses and characteristics of formation were discussed. The upper layer, with homogeneous composition, is mainly composed of intact phosphatic foraminifer fossils and nannofossils as well as abiotic carbonate fluorapatites (CFA), representing the biologic and autogenic origin. However, the lower layer, with visible metasomatic texture and relatively high Si, Al, K and Fe, is notably different from the upper one, and seems to have been formed mainly by replacement of carbonates. Therefore, different phosphate layers in crusts have different geneses.

Abstract:Crystal growth is a process in which the growth elements from the ambience cross the interface and enter crystal lattices. In general, the entry of the growth elements into the crystal lattice through the interface constitutes a key problem in the study of interfacial structure of crystal growth.It is held in this paper that the growth elements (molecules or atoms) walk at random in ambience. On the basis of the true self-avoid walk (TSAW) model and the principle of renormalization, the authors studied fractal behavior of interfacial structure of crystal growth. It is found that fractal behavior of interfacial structure of crystal growth has a close relationship with the shape of the walking route of the growth elements, and that there exists a close similarity in fractal dimension between TSAW and standard Koch curve under the ideal condition.

Abstract:In this paper, the origins of mercury and the advances in the study of morphology and morphological analysis of mercury are reviewed, and the main factors that affect the adsorption and desorption of mercury are discussed. Some measures to control mercury pollution in soil/sediment, such as bioremediation, reducing mercury pollution from emissions, are put forward. The advantages and shortcomings of several risk assessment methods of mercury pollution in soil/sediment are compared with each other, and the prospects of the study of geochemical behaviors of mercury in soil/sediment are also dealt with.

Abstract:The effective practical photocatalyst was prepared by the ferric oxide and butyl titanate. Photocatalysis of the acid brilliant scarlet dyestuff wastewater was carried out by using TiO2-coated ferric oxide. The effects of some factors, such as dosage of catalyst, illumination time and initial concentration of the dyestuff wastewater, are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that TiO2 film immobilized on ferric oxide has a very efficient catalytic activity and absorption capability. The removal rate reaches the highest under the condition of 04 g/L TiO2-coated ferric oxide catalyst, the photocatalysis reaction has higher decoloring rate in a shorter time, and the average decoloring rate can reach 95% after 1 hour's reaction.

Abstract:To study the modulating effect of polysaccharide and protein secreted by Shaerotilus upon the mineralization behaviors of Fe(OH)3 gel, the authors investigated the nucleation and crystallization processes of Fe(OH)3gel inside and around the Sphaerotilus cells which were growing in the mineralization systems with urea and Stoke substrate. The minerals were characterized by TEM, UV and FTIR spectrometry. A comparison of the mineralization processes of Fe(OH)3 gel functioned by pure dextran shows that both microbial polysaccharide and dextran could control the nucleation mechanisms, nuclei phases and the growth rate of ferric ions and Fe(OH)3gel in the solution. The major mineral seems to be nanometric size akaganeite (β-FeOOH).

Abstract:In this paper, the authors used such means as microscope, XRD and EPMA to study the origin and distribution characteristics of iridescent in labradorite. The results indicate that the inner lamellar structure of labradorite causes interference effects which contribute to the iridescent colors. Furthermore, each unit lamellar structure is made up of calc-poor and calc-rich plagioclase feldspar. Only when the thickness of the lamellar structure varies between 128 nm and 292 nm can the interference colors be visible. Because the surface of the lamella is not absolutely smooth, iridescence always looks like the contour line of a map. Additionally, the thickness of the lamella is related to calcic content, i.e., the more the calcic content and the thicker the lamellar, the longer the wavelength of color. The uniform interference color may have different calcic contents, varying from place to place and from environment to environment. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that the relationship between the iridescence and the calcic content of labradorite is positive at the same place.