Abstract:Gra,nitoids in southern Da Hinggan Mountains might be mainly divided into Hercynian and Yanshanian intrusions. The Hercynian granitoids related to plate subduction belong to calc-alkaline orogenic granitoid series formed in a compressional environment, whereas the Yanshanian granitoids related to epicon- tinental taphrogeny are of subalkaline-alkaline anorogenic granitoid series produced as a result of mantle uprising .in an。extensional environment. With the elapse of time the Yanshaaian granitoi.ds gradually increased in alkalinity and get intensified in extension. The two granitoid series are different conside- rably not only in tectonic environments, geomorphology and shapes of intrusions, but also in rock assemblages, emplacement patterns, rock-forming minerals, petrochem}istry, trace elements, initial ratio of Sr isotopes and δ18O values as well as in mineralization governed by them.

Abstract:Alkali basalts in Hannuoba area of northern Hebei are the major host rocks of deep-seated xenoliths and magacrysts. In addition, there are some alkali basalts containing no xenoliths and megacrysts and some tholeiites contain-ing xenoliths and megacrysts. This paper deals with the dynamic mechanism for the distribution of xenoliths and megacrysts on the basis of theoretical calculation. Xenoliths or megacrysts with densities larger than those of magmatic melts are mainly present in basaltic melts with large minimum settling radii(r*) and low settling velocities (U1 of xenoliths or megacrysts and high ascending velocities (U3). Spinel peridotite xenoliths are more abundant than transitional type peridotite xenoliths, green pyroxenite xenoliths are richer than black pyroxenite xenoliths, and clinopyroxene megacrysts are higher in content than garnet megacrysts, all related to large. r* and low U1 values of the formers.Anorthoclase megacrysts are obviously lower than host rocks in density and have very small minimum ascending radii. The larger the grain size, thehigher the ascending. velocity of anorthoclase. There fore, the anorthoclase occurring in basalts generally has comparatively large grain size.

Abstract:The Mesozoic intermediate--acid intrusive rocks in Tongling area have within them lots of cognate inclusions, with rocks of calc-alkaline series containing shallow-source inclusions(particulate dioritic ones)whereas those of alkaline series containing deep-source inclusions(pyroxinite and hornblendite ones). These inclusions are similar. to their host rocks in mineral chemistry and geochemistry of rare earth elements and trace elements but somewhat different from them in physical-chemical conditions for their formation and magmatic dynamic features.This suggests that they are comagmatic. products. formed under different condi-tions, that is, the shallow-seated inclusions came from the chilled border of the upper magmatic chamber while the deep-seated inclusions from the accumulative rocks of the lower magmatic chamber.

Abstract:The NeQarchea}n complex in eastern Hengsha.n is composed of Dongzhuang supracrustal rocks and Tuling- Linchang TTG gneisses. Mafic granulites of Dongzhuang Formation contain two-stages of mineral assemblages, with the second assemblage (M3) of Hb+Pl mantling the first assemblage (M2) of OPx+ GPx + P1±Gtand often. occurring as symplectic coronas passing between OPx and Gt. After the earliest metamorphism (M1)，the plagioclase-garnet-two pyroxene rocks occurring as inclusions in the TTG gneisses formed two-stage symplectic coronas around garnet. An outer corona of Hb+Pl mantles a finer- grained inner coidna of OPx+PI. Preferred P-T estimates for MI based on garnet-OPx pairs in the inclusions of Tuling-Linchang TTG gneisses are P about 1.l-1.5 GPa at 1108ºK.There exist some differences in P-T conditions for M2 and M3 between the inclusions and the host rocks of Tuling-Linchang TTG gneisses; with P-T for M2 aad M3 being respectively 1.0 GPa at 1148士25ºK and 0.4 GPa at 923士50ºK in the inclusions, and 0.9 GPa at 1123士20ºK and 0.4 GPa at 908士45ºK in Dongzhuang Formatiou. According to pressure, temperature and textures indicating mineral reac- tons, they have experienced different evolutionary processes. The PTt path of the inclusions is a `clockwise' path in which the barometric maximum precedes the thermal maximum, and initial retrograde path has large initial dP/dT, exhibiting isothermal decompression(ITD)，whereas the PTt path of Dong- zhuang mafic gra.nulites is an"anticlockwise"path in which heating occurs prior to during the thickening, and initial retrograde path has small positive dP/dT, exhibiting isobaric cooling(IBC).Such differences are of great importance in discussing the evolution of the Neoarchean complex in this area.

Abstract:In this paper dislocation microstructures of olivine xenoliths in vitrobasalt from Dayangke, Mingxi County, Fujian Province are studied by means of tran- smission electron microscope, and the result shows that there are several kinds of dislocations in the mantle-derived olivine, such as dislocation walls, free dislocations, dislocation bows and dislocation loops. These dislocation micros- tructures resulted from complex creep of olivine in the process of high tempe- rature plastic flow in upper mantle. Different types of dislocations indicate different phases of plastic deformation that host minezals expezienced. Based on average free-dislocation density of mantle-derived olivine(2.0 × lO8cm-2) and chemical composition of pyroxene associated with olivine in mantle xeno- liths, it is estimated that the deformation of mantle-derived xenoliths in Da- yangke vitrobasalt took place under the following conditions: temperature (T) 1070℃, pressure(P)2480MPa; depth (Z) 79.3 km, stress(σ1-σ3)136 MPa, flow strain rate(ε)7.6×10(-13)s(-1), and viscosity(η为0.8×10(20)poise.

Abstract:Meihuayu-jade occurring in Ruyang Goapty, Henan Province, is a kind of black amygdaloidal andesite. Its matrix is characterized by thin lath-shapedlow albite microcrystals, exhibiting vitropatic-interlocking texture. Porphyritic crystals are low albite. Mineral composition of amygdaloidal bodies is quitecomplex, and the major minerals include low albite, maximum-microcline,epidote, ripidolite, quartz, calcite, magnetite etc., making up a set of typical epithermal mineral assemblage formed as a result of postmag matic hydrothermal alteration. In this paper, the authors made a detailed study on feldspars, epidote and chloxite by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, electric microprobe analysis and ihfrared spectroscopic analysisi It is found that Plagioclase is low albite inorder, alkali feldspar is low temperature maximum microcline with fairly high triclinity and order, epidote contains abundant iron, and chlorite is ripidolite.In addition, micro-hardness test-was made on several spots of the matrix in the jade, and the result shows that the jade has rather high hardness (Mohs'hardness being 5.2) and beautiful streaks, and is massive and of good quality,thus serving as a good jade material.

Abstract:Wuhuaite occurring at Baishuijiang, Lueyang County, Shanxi Province, is a kind of material for stone carving.It has kaolinite as the major mineral compo- sition; and also contains small or negligible amounts of limonite,hematite, barite; alunite, gibbsite and cazbon materials. Chemical composition of kaolinite is SiO2 45.54 %，TiO2 0.05%，A1203 39.21%，Fe2O3 0.21%，Fe0 0.068%，MnO 0.016%，Ca0 0.22%，Mg0 1.33%，H2O+ 13.72%，K20 0.06% and Na2O 0.036%， totally 100.46%. Its crystallochemical formula is (Al3.985Fe(+3)0.013)3.988Si3.923O10(OH)8.Unit cell parameters: ao=5.142±0.006; bo=8.947±0.011; Co=7.363±0.009A; a=91º42´±11´; β=104º22'±11';γ=89º37±11'; V=328.007±0.503A.This paper alsb provides data of kaolinite obtained by various means such as X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopic analysis and electron microprobe analysis, which prove it to be a kind of kaolinite with high order of degree and good crystalliuity. Formed in a specific geological environment, wuhuaite belongs to hard clay without natural plasticity and has hard, fine and smooth quality suitable for carving.Composed of clay minerals,it is a natural material for stone carving.

Abstract:"Tripoli", a new type quartzose industrial material, has long been mistranslated into diatomaceous earth in China, and this obstructs people from recognizing and looking for this kind of mineral material. This paper traces "tripoli"to its origin, correctly elaborates its essential cbaracter, and analyzes the cause for its long mistranslation. Finally, the authors give it a correct chinese translation, namely. powder quaxtz, and suggest abolishing all existing mistranslations.