Soil organic carbon pools are one of the hot topics in carbon cycle research, among which dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most mobile and active, and clay-grained minerals are the most active mineral components in soil. Clay-grained minerals have a significant impact on the stability of DOM. Therefore, the adsorption characteristics and control mechanisms of three common soil clay-grained minerals, allophane, kaolinite and hematite, on DOM were explored in detail from the perspectives of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. The results indicate that three minerals can effectively adsorb PDOM, and the adsorption capacity of allophane on PDOM is higher than that of kaolinite and hematite, but its adsorption capacity per unit area is weaker than the other two; Kinetic and thermodynamic data indicate that the PDOM uptake by allophane may be largely controlled by physical means, while that by kaolinite and hematite are chiefly through chemical forces. Differences in the interfacial properties of the three minerals lead to different absorption characteristics. Among them, the specific surface area is the main factor leading to the difference in the total amount of adsorption, while the adsorption strength depends on the pH value of the reaction system, the density and availability of the adsorption sites. This study provide a basis for understanding the sequestration of organic matter by soil clay-grained minerals.