This study conducted corrosion experiments on different types of pearls, including heating, ultraviolet radiation, sweat, shower gel, and sunscreen, to analyze the effects of these corrosion methods on the color and chemical composition of pearls. The results show that heating has the least impact on the decrease of pearl color, while sunscreen and shower gel have the greatest corrosion effect. Gold pearls exhibit the most significant decrease in color under various corrosion methods. In the chemical composition analysis of pearls before and after corrosion, it was found that various corrosion methods generally led to an increase in Ca content and a significant decrease in Si content on the surface of pearls. The content changes of Mn and Sr are related to the type of pearl and the corrosion method. Exploring the effects of different external conditions on the color changes of pearls can provide reference for museum exhibitions and consumer purchases.