Based on the most active marine system on the earth, the authors studied the interaction between minerals and microorganisms in this paper. In this study, a large number of suspended particles and microbial communities were found from water samples in euphotic zone of the Yellow Sea. ICP-MS, ESEM and the equipped EDX tested the element composition of suspended particle macroscopically and microscopically. The main elements are Si, O, Na, K, Ca and Al, as well as high content of Mn, Fe and Ti. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy shows that the main mineral components of suspended particles are quartz, albite, calcite, mica and chlorite etc. Moreover, semiconductor minerals of iron and titanium metal oxides such as anatase, rutile, brookite and goethite were also found in suspended minerals. The composition characteristics of the microbial communities were preliminarily analyzed through 16S rRNA, and the main communities are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Woeseia, Fluviicolas. A dual-chamber reactor was used to study the mechanism of redox reaction and electron transfer process between microorganisms and suspended minerals. With the increase of suspended minerals as the electron acceptor, the open circuit voltages of the system were increased from 330.80 mV to 426.59 mV, and their maximum output powers were increased from 8.376 9 mW/m² to 12.096 8 mW/m². Experiments indicate that suspended minerals in the euphotic zone can effectively participate in and promote the process of extracellular electron transfer, which will make a foundation for further research on electron energy transfer based on the interactions of semiconductive minerals and microorganisms, as well as the regulation mechanism of elements cycling.