In this study, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) colorimetric assay, micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) were used to detect the per-millage of micronucleus, the survival rate and the degree of DNA damage of three kinds of silicate mineral dusts to V79 and A549 cells which included sericite, quartz and albite. The results show that the three kinds of silicate mineral dusts have different degrees of inhibition of cell proliferation, cell chromosome and DNA damage, with the effect from high to low being sericite >quartz >albite, and the cell proliferation inhibition rate and damage rate of DNA on V79 cells is significantly stronger than those of A549 cells. It is thus inferred that a certain concentration of silicate mineral dusts may affect the stability of the genetic material of cells and the genetic toxicity of the human body.