Tanghe color jade was discovered in Tanghe of Hebei Province. The authors selected representative samples and conducted an investigation. The research methods include microscopic observation, relative density measurements, quantitative analysis of X-ray powder diffraction pattern and infrared spectrum analysis. The composition of Tanghe color jade is very complex. According to the composition, they can be divided into four categories, namely, nephrite, diopside jade, agate and chalcedony and calcite jade. Combining the above findings with petrologic naming rules, the authors deal with the naming method for the nephrite that contains impurity minerals. At last, the authors propose some identification methods which are non-destructive or micro-damage to Tanghe colored jade.