A series of chrysotile samples were synthesized from active MgO and am orphous SiO2 through the hydrothermal reaction under the conditions of different temperatures, Si/Mg ratios and reaction time spans. The influence of different reaction conditions on the synthesis of chrysotile nanotubes was studied by means of infrared spectrometry, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscopy. The results show that the rate of the formation of nanotubes is determined by the Si/Mg ratio, the synthetic temperature and the reaction time. The synthetic chrysotile asbestos become relatively perfect under the conditi ons of high temperature, fairly long reaction time and Si/Mg ratio close to 0.68. The perfect synthetic conditions are thus achieved