Researches on the ecological geochemical surveying method in alluvial plains of China show that the contents and characteristic distribution of elements are determined by inherited mineral assemblages in soil. The differences in regional geochemical backgrounds of elements and in their contents at different depths are shown evidently by minerals and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblage in soil directly determines the content of elements. Therefore, the application of the mineral assemblage in soil to determination of the initial values of major elements and microelements is of great significance. The result can determine the cause of geochemical anomalies and distinguish the types of geochemical anomalies.