The Linchong tailings reservoir of the Fenghuangshan mine in Tongling of Anhui Province is one of quite a few tailings reservoirs there. In this paper, it was selected to study the distribution and migration of heavy metal elements. According to the changes of the heavy metal contents of the tailings reservoir and a comparison of the heavy metal contents between the tailings, the related soils, the river system sediments and the plants, the authors have found out the regularities governing the space distribution and migration of the heavy metal elements, discussed the environmental effects and latent harmfulness of the tailings, and pointed out the correct means for developing and utilizing the land in the mine tailings reservoir.