Hetian jade is a famous nephrite, it is also called Chinese jade. Its main mineral components are tremolite and actinolite. Different kinds of Hetian jade have different colors and qualities although they are composed of similar chemical and mineral components. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectrometry are used to observe the micro-textures and to analyse the composition of these Hetian jades. It is concluded that the high-|quality Hetian jade, such as mutton-fat jade, white jade, is mainly composed of tremolite with good crystal form and interlocking micro\|texture, the grain size is less than 3μm; the spectrometry analysis shows that this kind of jade contains silicon, calcium and magnesium without iron and aluminum. The grain size of green Hetian jade is 3~10μm, it includes Al or Fe ion; the green color will be darker as content of Fe ion increases; the main mineral composition is actinolite instead of tremolite. The yellow Hetian jade with typical sucrosic micro-texture is due to anomalous increase of calcium.