To explore the Paleozoic tectonic evolution characteristics of the southern margin of the Dunhuang block and constrain the activity trajectory of the southern side of the Central Asian orogenic belt, zircon U-Pb dating and petrological-geochemical analysis were conducted on the Haobula pluton. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the crystallization age of the Haobula pluton is 324.0±1.1 Ma, belonging to the Early Carboniferous period. Geochemical analysis of the rock reveals that the SiO₂ content of the Haobula pluton ranges from 65.31% to 75.50%, with an average total alkali (K₂O+Na₂O) content of 7.77%. The K₂O/Na₂O ratio varies from 0.90% to 1.35%. The Al₂O₃ content ranges from 13.41% to 16.05%. It belongs to the high-potassium calc-alkaline, peraluminous series. The pluton is relatively enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE (LREE/HREE=11.96~26.01), with a slight negative Eu anomaly (δEμ=0.70~1.01). It is relatively enriched in large-ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Ba, and K, as well as strong incompatible elements like Th, and depleted in high-field-strength elements like Nb, Ti, and P. Considering the regional tectonic features, it is believed that the southern margin of the Dunhuang massif was in the late stage of continental-continental collision (crustal thickening) during the Early Carboniferous.