Basalt is the most widely distributed extrusive rock in nature, with large reserves. Basalt ore, which meets industrial standards and has economic mining value, is widely used in various industrial fields because of its unique natural properties and excellent performance. Although China is rich in basalt mineral resources and widely distributed, there is less research on this deposit in the academic community. It is of great significance to summarize the distribution characteristics of basalt ore resources and the current situation of industrial development and utilization in China. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research, combs the distribution characteristics of basalt deposits in China, and summarizes the basalt ore, deposit types, industrial development and utilization status. The research shows that the total basalt volume in China is estimated to be about 2 trillion cubic meters, and the basalt ore mining volume has reached 91.5 million tons by the end of 2023, and is still increasing year by year. Basalt deposits can be divided into tholeiitic, calc alkaline and alkaline basalt deposits according to the difference of geochemical composition. From the perspective of ore types, there are mainly five types of basalt deposits for construction, cast stone, rock wool, veneer and cement mixture, among which basalt ore for construction and alkali basalt deposits are the most common. In terms of industrial development and utilization, basalt is mainly used in the field of construction and building materials. In addition, basalt can also be used as a solidification material for nuclear waste, carbon fixation material and agricultural fertilizer. With the development of the country, the mining and consumption of basalt ore in industry are increasing year by year with an average annual growth rate of 7%, and the compound annual growth rate of market scale is more than 10%. The market prospect is good. In the process of development and utilization, domestic basalt ore accounts for 98.5% of the consumption in the field of construction and building materials, while it only accounts for 1.5% in other fields. It is expected that in the future, basalt ore and its deep-processing products will expand their application in a broader field, which has become an inevitable trend.