Bauxite-based mineral composites (BMC) with LiCl ·2 Al(OH)₃·n H₂O as the core component were prepared from natural bauxite and used for the separation and enrichment of lithium in deep brine of CXD 1 well. The adsorption and desorption properties of Li⁺ of BMC were investigated in simulated solution and real brine. The simulated Li⁺ solution adsorption results demonstrated that the adsorption kinetics were well simulated by the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir model was compatible with the adsorption data, with a maximum Li⁺ capacity of 2.78 mg/g at 298 K. The results of the separation and enrichment study of Li⁺ in the deep brine of CXD 1 well showed that the adsorption rate of Li⁺ in the brine reached 86.38% at the dosage of 1.0 g/25 mL of BMC, and that Li⁺ was adsorbed with good selectivity in the presence of competing ions, such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. After 5 times of adsorption and regeneration, the adsorption capacity decreased by 10.64%. After the removal of impurities by ion exchange resin, the Li⁺ in the eluate was enriched by Na₂CO₃ precipitation, and the Li₂CO₃ yield could reach up to more than 80%. The prepared Li₂CO₃ had comparable properties with commercial analytical purity Li₂CO₃. It can be seen that the BMC used in this paper had potential application in the extraction of Li⁺ from real brine.