The systematic process mineralogy study of Xiahaoping gold mine in Song County, Henan Province, was carried out by means of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope and automatic quantitative analysis (MLA), including chemical composition of raw ore, mineral composition, occurrence state of gold, dissemination characteristics of main gold-bearing mineral, and mineral liberation characteristics. The results indicate that the main valuable metal in the mine is gold, with a grade of 3.75×10^-6. The gold deposit is mainly composed of quartz, K-feldspar, albite, pyrite and ankerite, and a small amount of hematite, fluorite, dolomite and calcite. The gold in the raw ore is mainly hosted in pyrite, and most of pyrite is embedded in quartz and feldspar particles in the form of fine and micro-fine particles. The content of natural gold in the raw ore is very low, and mostly exist in the form of individual natural gold particles. Gold-bearing mineral pyrite, galena and sphalerite have a relatively high liberation degree when the raw ore is ground to P₈₀=0.074 mm (-0.074 mm particle size content accounts for 80%), which is in favour of recovering by flotation.