The origin of dolomite has been widely concerned by the geologists. Nowadays, microorganisms can be used to synthesize dolomite with high order in the laboratory, but the correlation between the origin of natural dolomite and the characteristics of the original sedimentary environment has yet to be fully revealed. In this study, the dolomitic carbonate sedimentary strata of Mantou Formation in western Shandong Province are selected as the research object. Through the analysis of mineralogy element geochemistry, the origin of dolomite in this formation is preliminarily judged and the paleosedimentary environment of dolomite formation is reconstructed. The relationship between them is discussed. The semiquantitative results show that the average content of dolomite in this set of strata is 52.45%. The ratio of Sr/Cu (mean value is 23.59) and Ga/Rb (mean value is 0.17) indicates that it is characterized by hot and arid paleoclimate. δ¹³C (mean value is -1.56‰) and δ¹⁸O (mean value is -6.68‰) indicate that this set of strata is marine sedimentation, and it is speculated that the average paleotemperature is 23.5℃. Furthermore, the paleoredox features a smooth transition from weak reduction to oxidation. The mean value of δ¹³C in the limestone stratum is -0.80‰, while that in the dolomite stratum is -6.52‰. The pronounced enrichment of light carbon in the sample and the combination of macro stack structure indicate that dolomite is of biological origin. In this study, the characteristics of paleoclimate, paleoredox conditions, paleotemperature and paleoproductivity in the dolomite sedimentary environment are obviously coupled with dolomite development, providing a relevant basis and indicating significance for dolomite biogenesis.