地球早期碳循环与大氧化事件
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P317;542;P591

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(42002060,41802070);自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室自主研究课题(J1901-23)


Carbon cycle in the early Earth and the great oxidation even
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    摘要:

    碳是影响地球宜居性的重要元素,地表系统和地球深部之间的碳循环作用对于全球气候的变化具有非常重要的影响。现今地球主要通过俯冲作用和火山作用调节全球碳循环过程,然而地球早期的碳循环过程和现今地球存在显著的差异。本文结合前人的相关研究成果,综合探讨了地球原始碳的来源、地球早期碳循环过程及其与大氧化事件的联系等问题。地球是从太阳星云中通过星子吸积增生演化形成的,地球上的碳有一部分来自于地球的初始组成物质,还有一部分是通过大碰撞事件以及后期增生过程获得的。在地球形成之初的岩浆海时期,地核和地幔之间的分异作用使地核富集碳而地幔极度亏损碳,岩浆海和地球早期大气之间的相互作用可以把大气中的碳带入地幔中,原始地球和具有高C/N及C/S值的星胚碰撞可以提高地球的碳含量。此外,富集挥发分的球粒陨石后期增生作用也可以为地球带来额外的碳。在早期板块构造阶段,板块俯冲的地热梯度要比现在高100℃左右,俯冲的蚀变洋壳和洋底沉积物在很浅部会通过脱碳反应或者熔融作用发生完全的脱碳作用,只有少量的碳可以通过碳酸盐化橄榄岩带入地球深部,由此造成的温室效应可以抵消早期太阳光度不足对地表气候的影响。地球早期碳循环过程和大氧化事件具有紧密的联系,大气中CO2含量的升高、有机物的埋藏、无机碳酸盐和有机碳俯冲循环效率的差异等都是形成大氧化事件的关键因素。

    Abstract:

    Carbon is an important element affecting the habitability of the Earth. The carbon cycle between the surface and the deep of the Earth has a very important impact on the global climate change. Nowadays, the Earth regulates the global carbon cycle mainly through subduction and volcanism. However, there are significant differences of carbon cycle between the early Earth and the present Earth. Based on the previous research results, this paper comprehensively discusses the source of the Earth’s original carbon, the process of the Earth’s early carbon cycle and its relationship with the great oxidation event. The Earth evolved from the solar nebula through the accretion of planetesimals. Part of the carbon on the Earth comes from the initial composition of the Earth, and part is obtained through giant impacts and late veneer. During the magma ocean period at the beginning of the Earth’s formation, the differentiation between the Earth’s core and mantle made the Earth’s core enriched carbon and the mantle extremely depleted carbon; the interaction between the magma ocean and the Earth’s early atmosphere can bring atmospheric carbon into the mantle. The collision between the proto-Earth and the planetary embryo with high C/N and C/S values can increase the carbon content of the Earth. In addition, the late veneer of chondrites enriched in volatiles can also bring additional carbon to the Earth. In the early stage of plate tectonics, the geothermal gradient of ancient subduction is about 100℃ higher than the modern subduction zone. The subducted altered ocean crust and ocean floor sediments will completely decarburize through decarburization reaction or melting at very shallow depth, and only a small amount of carbon can be brought into the deep mantle by carbonated peridotite. The resulting greenhouse effect can offset the impact of early solar luminosity deficiency on surface climate. The early carbon cycle process of the Earth is closely related to the great oxidation event. The increase of CO2 content in the atmosphere, the burial of organic matter, and the difference of subduction efficiency between inorganic carbonate and organic carbon are the key factors to form the great oxidation event.

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朱建江,刘福来,张立飞, 2022. 地球早期碳循环与大氧化事件[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 41(2):396~412.
ZHU Jian-jiang, LIU Fu-lai, ZHANG Li-fei, 2022. Carbon cycle in the early Earth and the great oxidation even[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 41(2): 396~412.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-11
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-21
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