The proved boron resources in China are mainly distributed in Northeast China, Qinghai, Tibet and some other regions. These deposits have low grade, many associated minerals, high development cost and low development and utilization degree, and hence it is difficult for them to meet the needs of industrial development. At present, exploration in Jiangling Depression of Jianghan Basin shows that the B₂O₃ concentration in the brine reaches 3 g/L, and the content of lithium, potassium, bromoiodide, rubidium and cesium exceeds the industrial grade, with high comprehensive utilization value. On the basis of previous studies, the authors studied hydrochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and experimental geochemistry of Cenozoic brine boron deposits in Jiangling Depression in this paper, with the emphasis placed on the influence of paleoclimate, structure and provenance on brine mineralization as well as the genetic mechanism. It is preliminarily concluded that different halogen lithologies have different geochemical and isotopic characteristics, and basalt has experienced strong alteration, indicating that underground fluid metasomatism of igneous rocks exists, and the water-rock reaction of basalt is an important material source of boron-rich brine deposits. The fluid with a certain salinity is more conducive to the activation of boron ions. The fluid with a high salinity is the main transport carrier of boron ore-forming elements. The evaporation and concentration of ore-bearing water in the dry and hot paleoclimate under the supergenic environment constitute an important process for the enrichment and mineralization of boron-rich brine.