Using conventional gemmological instruments, combined with electron probe microanalysis, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, the samples of yellow and brown tremolite jade were studied, and the causes and differences of coloration elements in different dark and light samples were discussed. The main reasons for the coloration of yellow tremolite jade are the charge transfer transition of Fe3+-O2-and the 4A2g (4F)→4T1g (4F) transition of Mn4+, while the coloration of brown tremolite jade is mainly caused by 6A1-4E(D) and 6A1-4T2 (D) transitions of Fe3+ and Jahn teller effect of Mn3+ ions. The charge transfer transition of Fe3+-O2- in yellow tremolite jade leads to the absorption at 412-500nm in the visible region, which is an important factor to form and control the color of yellow tremolite jade, while the yellow green light absorption caused by Mn3+ in brown tremolite jade shows the complementary color of yellow green. In addition, the charge transfer of Fe2+-Fe3+ and Fe2+ (5T2) + Fe3+ (6A1) → Fe2+ (5E) + Fe3+ (6A1) are also part of the reasons for the coloration of brown and yellow tremolite jade. Comprehensive analysis shows that UV-Vis absorption spectrum analysis can be regarded as an effective non-destructive testing method to distinguish yellow tremolite jade from brown tremolite jade.