Taking the ore in the periphery of the Taiping bauxite mining area in Pingguo County of Guangxi as the research object, the authors systematically studied the chemical composition, mineral composition and mineral distribution characteristics of the ore by means of chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopic identification and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the bauxite in the periphery of the Taiping mining area belongs to diaspore type bauxite with high iron content, with Al₂O₃ 53.06% and A/S ratio 10.74, which is suitable for Bayer process recovery; Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, Ga and Nb in the associated components have achieved comprehensive recycling indices. The target element Al for ore smelting and recovery is mainly in the form of diaspore and gibbsite, whose phase proportions are 85.9% and 6.73%, respectively. The complex structure of the ore, the size of the mineral dissemination, the uneven distribution of Fe, Si and other elements in the ore have certain effects on the selection and recovery of Al element.