In this paper, the technological mineralogical characteristics of representative lead oxide ores in the Mawengen ore district of Qinghai Province were systematically studied by means of optical microscope identification, scanning electron microscope, X-ray energy spectrum probe and sieving analysis. The results show that the main valuable elements of ores are lead (2.76%) and silver (204.4×10^-6). The modes of occurrence of lead in ores are complex, mainly occurring in lead-iron jarosite and other insoluble lead, followed by lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead minerals in ores are mainly lead jarosite, leucite and arsenopyrite, with a small amount of galena and arsenopyrite. The modes of occurrence of silver are more complex, and the independent silver mineral is sulfur-copper-silver ore, whose content is very small. Some silver isomorphism occurs in other metal sulfides. Through polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis, it is found that the main lead minerals such as lead jarosite and cerussite are seriously intergrown and fine-grained, which is consistent with the results of screening test. At the same time, the content of arsenic in ores is high, reaching 5.43%. The arsenic-bearing minerals, except arsenopyrite and scallion, underwent X-ray diffraction. Energy spectrum analysis shows that some lead minerals are closely related to arsenic, and complex arsenic-lead minerals such as arsenopyrite and arsenopyrite are formed. Therefore, it is predicted that arsenic will be enriched synchronously with lead minerals in the mineral processing. The independent silver minerals of silver are mainly pyrite, copper and silver minerals with fine dissemination size. Most of silver minerals occur in silicates or oxides such as quartz and limonite in the form of micro-particles. Based on the above research results, it can be concluded that the lead-silver oxide ore is very difficult to be separated. It is suggested that the flotation-chemical separation process should be adopted to recover lead and silver metals.