Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser Raman spectroscopy and LA-CP-MS were used to study the mineral composition, inclusions and trace element characteristics of Shuikeng Stone from Shoushan, Fujian Province. The results of IR spectroscopy and XRD indicate that the main mineral of Shuikeng Stone is dickite, with nacrite, pyrophillite and illite also detected in Shuikeng Stone as accessory minerals. The crystal particle size of the turnip vein is smaller than the particle size of dickite matrix, and the crystal particles are arranged non-directionally. The dark granular minerals with metallic luster exist in two different forms, i.e., euhedral and anhedral, and are embedded in the dickite matrix. The result of Raman spectroscopy analysis indicates that the turnip vein consists of svanbergite, and the mineral composition of dark granular minerals is pyrite. A comparison of the trace element characteristics between Shuikeng Stone, Gaoshan Stone and Tianhuang Stone shows some differences between them. The discriminant criteria of Gaoshan Stone, Shuikeng Stone and Tianhuang Stone are established by SPSS, and the three kinds of samples can be separated by these criteria. The estimated value of discriminant accuracy for a new sample is 90.8%. The difference between LREE and HREE in Shuikeng Stone is not very obvious, and the content of LREE in Shuikeng Stone is not rich. The primary ore-forming environment of Shuikeng Stone was a reducing environment. The turnip vein and the pyrite are both primary inclusions. Secondary environment caused the difference of trace elements between Gaoshan Stone, Shuikeng Stone and Tianhuang Stone. Groundwater environment caused the migration of LREE. These differences can be used to identify the three kinds of Shoushan Stone.