In order to discuss and determine the dissolution kinetics law and influence factors of the dissolution of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in coral sand, the authors conducted dissolution experiments of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in aqueous solution under different conditions of the solid-liquid ratio, the rotational speed of the shaker, the particle size of coral sand, the temperature, the pH value, and the salt content of the solution. The results show that Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ dissolution in coral sand gradually increased with the reaction time, and the higher the speed, solid-liquid ratio and temperature, the greater the dissolution of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and the lower pH value is beneficial to the dissolution of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. When particle size of coral sand is 2.36~4.75 mm, and the salt content is 100 mg/L, the dissolution amount of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ reaches the maximum. The statistical analysis shows that the rotational speed, temperature and solution pH have significant influence on the dissolution of coral sand, whereas the pH value among them seems to be the greatest influence factor. Kinetic studies show that the dissolution of coral sand in water is consistent with the internal diffusion model of shrinking nuclei, which suggests that internal diffusion rate is the decisive factor controlling the dissolution reaction. In addition, from 15℃ to 40℃, the dissolution activation energy of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in coral sand is 78.07 kJ/mol and 74.91 kJ/mol respectively.