Recently, the laboratory received a few pieces of jade samples whose appearance is very similar to that of nephrite. In order to better identify this kind of jade, the authors studied it by using conventional gemological methods and other methods such as thin section analysis, chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results show that the main mineral composition of this jade is sillimanite,with a small amount of biotite and kaolinite. Its structure is prismatic and fibrous crystalloblastic texture distributed mainly in prismatic, fibrous and hairy forms. The black color of the sample may be caused by substitution of Fe³⁺ for Al³⁺ in the lattice. The more the Fe³⁺ content, the darker the color.