The identification of ancient nephrite skin color, impregnation and dying is an important reference for the dating of ancient jade. The identification of ancient jade in modern times is mainly based on archaeological excavation of the standard objects or reference to other artifacts of the same era. However, the skin color, impregnation and dying are the second chromosome of nephrite, and the causes are more complex. With the development of comprehensive scientific detection methods for nephrite skin color, impregnation and dying, jade researchers have achieved substantial achievements. In this paper, the authors investigated the ancient Chinese nephrite and, on the basis of research results of nephrite skin color, impregnation and dying in the history, discussed the application of mineralogical theory and scientific instrument testing methods.