The analytical results of mineral phases and chemical composition show that quartz, calcite, albite and dolomite are the main phases, characterized by high SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO in chemical composition. To discuss the dissolution characteristics of dustfall minerals in organic acid and further discover their harm to human health, the authors took dustfall collected in Xining as the study object and used XRD and FTIR analytical methods to analyze the initial samples and the residual solid and ICP-AES method to determine the concentrations of extracted cations. XRD analytical results show that, after 2 days' dissolution, the calcite was dissolved after 10 minutes, and the specific peak of dolomite disappeared after 16 h; according to the FTIR results, there are no obvious destruction of Si—O, Al—O band. However, the increasing mass of extracted cations in solution reflects the damage to these chemical bonds. In comparison with the dissolution rate of main indissoluble minerals such as quartz, albite and sericite under the same experiment condition, it can be concluded that albite is dissolved faster than sericite. However, the dissolution rate of quartz varies greatly during the dissolution period, and its dissolution sequence relative to albite and sericite should be further investigated. By analyzing the extracted cations and dissolution rate during the dissolution period of dustfall and minerals in citric acid solution, the dissolution sequence of different minerals apart from quartz is in order of calcite, dolomite, albite, sericite.