松潘-甘孜造山带南段晚三叠世兰尼巴和羊房沟花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及成因
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(40772043)


Late Triassic granitoids in the southern part of the Songpan-Garze fold belt:Petrology, geochemical composition and petrogenesis
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    摘要:

    对位于松潘-甘孜地体南部的兰尼巴岩体和羊房沟岩体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,重点讨论了岩体的成因。U-Pb激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)年龄集中在211 Ma附近,属晚三叠世,代表了岩体的形成年龄。两岩体具有中等至较高的SiO2含量(58.31%~68.02%)和较高的全碱含量(6.70%~8.80%),具有准铝质(A/CNK=0.68~0.99)的特征,属于高钾钙碱性到橄榄玄粗岩系列。其中,兰尼巴岩体南段富Al2O3(15.85%~16.27%)、K2O(3.29 %~3.40%),中等MgO(1.16%~1.47%),并具有高Sr(869×10-6~1032×10-6)、低Y(9.53×10-6~9.85×10-6)特征以及中等至较高的稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)N>31],并且见有暗色包体,非常类似于下地壳熔融形成的钾质埃达克岩。兰尼巴岩体的北段及羊房沟岩体的主量元素、微量元素特征都很相似,相对兰尼巴岩体南段具有更高的K2O含量(4.08%~5.96%),相对低的Sr(664×10-6~868×10-6),稍高的Y(19.71×10-6~27.76×10-6)和明显较低的Sr/Y比值(29.39~42.05),显示出高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩的特征,可能来自于增厚下地壳的部分熔融。野外地质特征和地球化学特征均显示岩体的形成有幔源物质或新生地壳物质的参与,其中幔源岩浆的加入为松潘-甘孜造山带大量中生代花岗岩的形成提供了热源和部分物源。地幔岩浆的上侵和高钾钙碱性花岗岩体的形成标志着松潘-甘孜造山带至少在晚三叠世就已处于伸展构造环境。

    Abstract:

    The Songpan-Garze fold belt (SGFB) on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau covers a huge triangular area bounded by Yangtze (South China), North China and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau blocks It has gone through two orogenic phases, i.e., Paleotethys and Neotethys,with the major deformation stagesoccurring in Late Triassic. Mesozoic intermediate-acid intrusives, composed of both normal calc-alkaline and high Sr low Y granitoids, are widely distributed in the Songpan-Garze fold belt. The investigation of their petrogenesis, characteristics of the sources and geodynamic significances is very important in understanding the evolution of SGFB characterized by poorly-exposed basement. The authors studied petrology, geochemical composition and zircon U-Pb chronological characteristics of Lanniba and Yangfanggou granitoids in the southern part of the Songpan-Garze fold belt as well as their petrogenesis and geological significance. The study of Lanniba and Yangfanggou granitoids formed during the post-collision period can shed light on such problems as regional tectono-magmatic events, basement nature and tectonic evolution. Cathodoluminescence(CL)images show that the zircons are big and idiomorphic and have clear magmatic oscillatory zoning, suggesting magmatic origin. U-Pb zircon LA-ICPMS dating shows that the Lanniba and Yangfanggou granitoids have magmatic crystallization ages of around 211 Ma. These granitoids are high-K calc-alkaline(even shoshonite),with intermediate to high SiO2(58.31%~68.02%) and metaluminous characteristics(A/CNK=0.68~0.99)Rocks in the southern part of the Lanniba granitoids contain high Al2O3(15.85%~16.27%)and K2O(3.29%~3.40%),intermediate MgO(1.16%~1.47%),high Sr(869×10-6~1032×10-6),low Y(9.53 ×10-6~9.85×10-6)with fractionated REE[(La/Yb)N>31]and also have some dark inclusions. These rocks are very similar to the K-adakite derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust. Yangfanggou and the northern part of the Lanniba granitoids are very similar to each other in major and trace elements. In contrast with the southern part of Lanniba granitoids,they have higher K2O(4.08%~5.96%) and Y(19.71×10-6~27.76-6), lower Sr(664×10-6~868×10-6),and obviously lower Sr/Y ratio(29.39~42.05),showing characteristics of high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids; thus they might have been derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust. Field geological and geochemical characteristics indicate that the granitoids contaned mantle components,thus providing heat and part of source materials for the Mesozoic granites in Songpan-Garze fold belt. The involvement of mantle-derived magma and the existence of ultrahigh-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids(211±2 Ma)indicate that the Songpan-Garze orogen was under an extensional scheme at least in Late Triassic period.

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万传辉,袁 静,李芬香,等, 2011. 松潘-甘孜造山带南段晚三叠世兰尼巴和羊房沟花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及成因[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 30(2):185~198.
WAN Chuan_hui, YUAN Jing, LI Fen_xiang, et al, 2011. Late Triassic granitoids in the southern part of the Songpan-Garze fold belt:Petrology, geochemical composition and petrogenesis[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 30(2): 185~198.

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