The Qian'an iron mine is one of the large-sized metamorphic sedimentary iron mines in China. As the ore-bearing metamorphic rocks here are of Precambrian hypometamorphic ones, the minerals in the existent rocks have been deformed,[HJ] metamorphosed and recrystallized several times, resulting in the extreme complexity of the rock microstructure. In order to have a better understanding of the fabric of the deformed rocks, the authors employed EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) to analyze the samples in the study area. With the help of Channel 5 developed by HKL Co., the authors processed all the data collected and drew the corresponding magnetite polo figures and quartz polo figures. Quartz optical axes, which exist in gneiss and granulite, are basically consistent with the direction of foliation in hand specimen and are also in the same direction or at the small-angle intersection with the elongated direction and wave extinction of quartz under microscope. The analysis shows that the characteristics of magnetite do not show a preferred orientation, while the internal fabric of quartz in deformed rock does. Furthermore, the authors have also obtained the information concerning the conditions during the structural deformation. Most polo figures reflect a circumstance of medium to medium-high temperature, whereas a small number of figures suggest the composition of medium-low temperature deformation. In combination with the knowledge of deformation partitioning which belongs to the deformation field, the authors believe that different minerals in the solid rock such as quartz, feldspar and garnet have different mechanical strength and ductile shear deformation conditions, and such differences would contribute to partition deformation between the light-color deformed quartz and the high mechanical strength magnetite.