On the basis of investigating characteristics of solid wastes in two different kinds of mines, i.e., the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, the possibility of acid drainage of the mine tailings and the waste rocks and the difference in acid drainage between these two sorts of materials are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The results indicate that the Fenghuangshan copper mine on the whole does not produce AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine produces such materials. What is more, the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the tailings of the Fenghuangshan copper mine are different from those in the mining waste rocks of the Xinqiao pyrite mine. In the former, the toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg mostly exist in the slag phase, while in the latter, the deoxidization state has much higher content, which suggests that large amounts of heavy metals have migrated in the tailings, and minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the surface. The existence of AMD is beneficial to the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks, and hence leads to the environment pollution of the surrounding areas.