As a traditional industrial mineral, chrysotile is a kind of one_dimensional nano_tube material with the unique tubular structure formed by curled unit layers. It has many good properties, such as well mechanical strength, resistance to heat, insulation, and high face chemical activity and bio_activity. Its activities are mainly derived from the face unsaturated bonds, face energy carried by enormous specific surface area inherent in nano_crystals, and additional internal energy and face energy produced by lattice winding due to the curly structure. With its good physical and chemical properties, chrysotile will surely have broad applying prospects in the new nano_material field. Its high face activities can on the one hand be utilized to control environmental pollution, but on the other hand bring about fatal threat to human beings by resulting in asbestos lung and cancers. With the aim of safe utilization of the fine properties of chrysotile, it is important to study thoroughly the dust pollution and disease_causing mechanism of chrysotile and carry out effective face modification so as to reduce or remove its cytotoxicity. In addition, factories, mines and other enterprises dealing with mining, separating and processing of chrysotile should monitor the dust pollution and improve the protection means for workers.