The authors analysed naked and transformed groups of fibrous brucite, wollastonite, chrysotile asbestos, sepiolite, palygorskite, clinoptilolite, crocidolite and diatomaceous earth mineral dusts by IR under acid and alkali etching and strong mechanical and polarized molecular interaction. The results show that the active sites focus on ends in stick dusts and on defects or hole edges in pipe dusts. The inside active sites of dusts play a major role in small molecular substances. The shapes of dusts affect their distribution and densities of active sites. The strong mechanical force and weak chemical force change the active site feature of minerals, the powder process makes more surface goups naked and causes the increase of combined types. The dust activity is related to the types, contribution and degree of nakedness of surface groups.The studied surface groups of dusts are as follows: fibrous brucite: OH-, Mg(OH)+; wollastonite: Si-O-Si, Ca-O-Si; chrysotile asbestos: OH-, Mg(OH)+, Si-O; sepiolite:OH-, Si-O-Si, -Mg-OH2, -Al(Si)-OH; palygorskite: OH-, Si-O-Si(Al),-Mg(Al)-OH2, -Al(Si)-OH; clinoptilolite: Si-O-Si(Al), -Mg(Ca)-OH2, Ca-O; diatomaceous earth: -Si-O, Si-O-Si, -Si…OH; crocidolite: OH-, Si-O-Si, Mg (Fe)-OH. Due to the differences in surface composition and structure, the minerals show remarkable disparity in activity and character of surface groups: wollastonite, diatomaceous earth and clinoptilolite have independent surface OH-while fibrous brucite only has surface OH-.The one side surface group of chrysotile layer is the same as that of fibrous brucite, and stripped layers have more naked groups. The surface OH-of fibrous sepiolite and palygorskite is similar to that of crocidolite, whose nakedness is related to the surface structural defects and cleavages. The better developed the mineral defects, the higher the OH-(H2O+) content. The main H2O+form of clinoptilolite can be partly transformed into H+, NH+4or OH-. The acid etching process may change OH-concentration and distribution and increase the defects and porosity of mineral fiber surface . The alkali etching has no effect on Si - O and Si - OH but will destroy Al-O and Al-OH-acid sites of sepiolite, palygorskite and clinoptilolite. Some surface groups of remnants quite differ from original dusts; wollastonite and chrysotile asbestos remnants, for example, become SiO2. The surface process of small polarized molecule or middle molecule branch may produce ionization and new coordinate bond and change the active properties and level of original dusts, such as the porous minerals, which might play some assistant calalytic role in biochemical process.