Research on the Guantian pyrite deposit in Guangdong led to the discovery of many sulfate minerals besides pyrite, such as emplectite, aikinite, ourayite, and enargite, totally in excess of ten species. All these species were described with respect to their mineralogical characteristics, and the mineralizing activities in the deposit were grouped into three phases following a comprehensive review of the ore textures as well as features of common and trace elements. Further studies were focused on the genesis of the deposit based on S, H and O isotopes, inclusion homogenization temperatures and other features. It is consequently concluded that the Guantian deposit should owe its formation to the metasomatism at low to intermediate temperatures by the postmagmatic hydrothermal solution along with less meteoric water, suggesting the deposit is a hydrothermal metasomatic vein type one.