With its strong colors, delicate structure and special optical effects, the green Hualian nephrite of Taiwan is very popular among consumers. This paper deals with the gemological and mineralogical characteristics of green nephrite on the basis of basic test data and mineral compositions. Scientific, comprehensive and systematic research has a great significance for improving the scientific value and visibility of Hualian nephrite from Taiwan. The color of green nephrite ranges from light green to dark green, being relatively pure but distributed unevenly. Black metal mineral inclusions can be recognized, which have greasy-silky luster and are translucent to opaque. The green nephrite has refractive index of 1.61, relative densities from 2.96 to 3.02 g/cm³, and hardnesses from 6 to 7, and mainly consists of tremolite or actinolite, with minor grossular, chromite and chlorite. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the composition of green nephrite is characterized by relatively high values of MgO, SiO₂, CaO,comparatively low FeO, and minor amounts of Cr₂O₃, MnO, K₂O, Na₂O, Al₂O₃, TiO₂. The color of green nephrite has a positive correlation with the content of FeO. In addition, when the nephrite contains grossular, its color will become more bright.