A study of distribution, formation and geochemistry of turquoise deposit in Zhushan County of Hubei Province indicates that the formation of the deposit is controlled by certain layers, lithology and fracturing conformations. The black rock series of lower Cambrian Shuigoukou Formation with black carbonaceous clay slate and Cu- and P-bearing carbonaceous siliceous slate constitute the main layers and the main source of the turquoise deposit in Zhushan. The fracturing conformations of linear distribution control the distribution regularity and confine the size of turquoise deposit. The turquoise deposit was formed by weathering and leaching action of the surface water and sedimentation (precipitation). The temperature of the ore solution was between 17℃ and 35℃.