Bacteria-related decomposition of minerals and rocks is an important geological process. In the same environment, different minerals usually weather in different ways, and the weathering characteristics of the same kind of mineral can also be different due to diverse surface properties. Based on experiments of the dissolution of bacteria-related basalt, this paper deals with the effects of surface properties of diagenetic minerals on their dissolution. The result shows that Paenibacillus polymyxa and its metabolites can remarkably promote the dissolution of basalt. Under the bacterial condition, olivine is the most dissolvable mineral, followed by augite, and feldspar is most stable. The dissolution of olivine is controlled mainly by chemical properties at the initial stage, and by the ratio of surface area to weight at subsequent stages.