Based on the thermal simulation method of closed container with water, the authors studied experimentally characteristics of hydrocarbon-generation composition and volume, and probed into the effect of uranium-bearing minerals on the hydrocarbon process. It is suggested that the volumes of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon obviously increase after the addition of uranium-bearing minerals as catalyzer to mudstone and coal samples. The gaseous hydrocarbon yield of the coal samples increases by 34% on average, and mudstone samples by 30% or more. The liquid hydrocarbon productivity shows that the uranium-bearing minerals promote the liquid hydrocarbon yield of mudstone and coal samples. It is found that the regular increase of saturated hydrocarbon and arene is obvious during the hightemperature stage with uranium_bearing minerals as catalyzer, as is shown by analyzing the composition of chloroform asphalt ‘A’ of mudstone. The authors havereached the conclusion that the high polymerization is increased with the evolution of arene and the non-hydrocarbon and asphalt, and even the insoluble matterscan be transformed into saturated hydrocarbon. A comprehensive study shows that the radioactive uranium plays an active role in hydrocarbon generation.