The orthoamphibole association is a special rock type developed mostly in Precambrian metamorphic terranes. It is rich in Mg and Al but depleted in Ca and K. Its major mineral constituents include cordierite, orthoamphibole, Al2SiO5 minerals, staurolite, garnet, plagioclase, micas and clinoamphiboles. Associations of this kind are distributed in a lot of ancient metamorphic complexes throughout the world, with some of them closely related to sulfide deposits. According to metamorphic conditions, the orthoamphibole association can be tentatively divided into two types: the lower pressure type and the high pressure type. The former type is characterized by the cordierite- anthophyllite-cummingtonite association, while the latter type is Al2SiO5 minerals-gedrite association, sometimes with garnet. The Al2SiO5 in high_pressure terranes is kyanite. Cordierite and staurolite mainly formed corona textures surrounding kyanite or garnet, indicating the nearly adiabatic uplift of a metamorphic terrane. The present paper deals with the mineral paragenesis, the baric types, the related metamorphic reactions and the conditions under which these rocks were formed.